1. 时尚水族鱼缸
oblong鱼缸是扬州正楷科技有限公司的品牌。
鱼缸,一种装活鱼的水缸,缸体透明,多为玻璃质地,也可用来饲养热带鱼或者金鱼起到观赏的作用。
鱼缸不仅是鱼儿的家,更是家人共同的生活享受。无瑕的双层浮化玻璃,既给鱼儿营造了一个温馨的家,也保证了整体居室环境的安全。鱼缸更是家居风水里必不可少的摆件,是与空间的完美结合,是家居、办公,商业空间的灵魂禅师。
详文
目前市场上最多的是海水水族箱,颜色比较鲜艳。
水族箱又称为水族缸或水族槽,是为观赏用、专门饲养水生动植物的容器,是一个动物饲养区,通常至少有一面为透明的玻璃及高强度的塑料。
水族箱内人工饲养着生活于水中的植物及动物(通常为鱼类,但亦可是无脊椎动物、两栖动物、海洋哺乳动物或爬行动物)。水族饲养亦是世界各地盛行的嗜好之一,全球约有6千万名热爱者。
如海鱼缸诠释兴水文化,山、水景致传承着中华民族的文化精髓,在繁华的现代大都市,时尚的上层人士也在思虑着如何将山水文化引入现代居家生活。特别是引入灵动的水文化,成为当下时尚的家居主体。布置一款与居室整体格调水乳相溶的鱼缸是个不错的选择。
2. 时尚水族鱼缸ca380
大众cc380夺目版前驱驱动的,前置前驱轿车的布局一般都是将发动机横向布置,与设计紧凑的变速驱动桥相连。我国生产的Audi A6、Santana2000、Jetta、CA7220、Buick、Passat、Accord、飞度、宝来、中华、富康、英格尔等品牌乘用车,均采用发动机前置前轮驱动的布置形式。
3. 时尚水族鱼缸图片
设置装置由管1,管2,管3和一个三通组成。
该装置分两部分:控制水位与排水。控制水位部分:由管一完成自动控制水位,如果在室外养鱼,只要管一就够了(水流到地面上),注意,插入缸内部分不要太深,如果太深当本装置出问题时会吸干缸内的水的。排水由管2,管3和一个三通组成:其中管二和三通是用来破坏虹吸的,管三负责把水引到远处。
4. 时尚水族鱼缸XQ-230A使用说明书
行楷又称“汉字行楷手写体字形”,是偏重于楷书书写笔法,比楷书行笔自由,又比行草规正的行书字体。是汉字在楷书基础上简约书写笔画、增强书写映带、表现书写意趣的实用性字体。行楷最大的优势在于实用性极强,书写速度快、易识易学。
行楷特点
行笔轻盈
书写楷书,运笔稳实、缓慢,笔画讲究工整、挺健。书写行楷,运笔轻松、便捷,线条追求流畅、明快。
点画灵动
书写楷书,笔画造型完整,点画之间呼应关系含蓄。书写行楷,点画活泼,连带显露,点、钩、挑等动感笔画明显增多。
字形多变
楷书的字形平正端庄,通篇整齐均匀,相映如一。行楷字的字形变化多姿,通篇大小相间,正敧相错,同一个字可以有多种写法。
硬笔行楷
姿势
坐姿
推荐的坐姿:头正、肩平、臂开、足安;眼离纸一尺高,手离笔尖一寸长,胸离桌子拳头,推荐坐姿如下图。
握姿
推荐的握姿:拇指、食指捏住笔,中指抵住笔杆底;余下两指紧相依,指离笔尖一寸余;五指配合齐用力,不松不紧最适宜,推荐握姿如下图。
工具
选笔
1、钢笔
钢笔的地位在硬笔练字中处于不可撼动的地位,较强表现力可以反映出毛笔的效果。关于练习钢笔的选择,我们可以遵从以下原则:
(1)不使用美工笔。美工笔不利于稳定练习;
(2)不使用写起来不适的钢笔。比如出现堵笔、洇墨、摩阻过大等问题;
(3)不使用过贵的钢笔。在成本练字的过程相对耗笔,尽量做到成本控制,贵的笔对练字本身没有太实质性的帮助。
中性笔
中性笔有稳定、表现力强、便宜、便捷、书写舒适等优点,是一种相对完美的笔。不止在此次行楷练习试验中,日常生活中,大多数人更愿意使用0.5中性笔。
中性笔的挑选可以遵从如下原则:
(1)书写流度。笔触顺骨,笔画饱满,墨色均匀;
(2)握笔舒适度。长时间书写不会有过于明显累手、压迫感;
(3)墨干燥速度。书写时不会被谱黑就行。
3、其他笔
除了钢笔和中性笔,其他笔类都可以进行练字。种类繁多,最为常见的有铅笔,圆珠笔等。不一定局限于某种笔。
字帖
分类
字帖大体可分为三类:(1)笔画结构详解类(2)集字类(3)语录文章类。初学者可以购入三类字帖分别一本,有一定基础者可以购入后两类字帖各一本,基础扎实者可购最后一类字帖。行楷定型试验于2019年6月10日启动,2019年10月24日初步定型,所用字帖为荆霄鹏的《实用行楷字帖》(图1)、《林徽因语录行楷》(图2)。《实用行楷字帖》属于集字类,《林徽因语录行楷》属于语录文章类。
图1
图2
推荐字帖
当代有大量优秀行楷字帖,比如吴玉生、田英章、钱沛云等人的行(楷)字帖。
昊玉生的行楷字站:《怎样写好写快规范字》《公务员汉字书写5500字》、《古文观止》、《硬笔行书红楼梦诗词》等。
田英章的行(楷)字帖:《钢笔行书实用技法字帖》、《漂亮字的快写技巧(行书)》、《现代汉语常用3500字(行书)》等。
钱沛云的行(楷)字帖:《钱沛云硬笔书法技巧》《钱市云教你写好硬笔行书》等。
对于字站的选择需要根据自己的喜好,但是也要避雷。
选择字帖三不选:不选折凹槽类字帖;不选手写体类字帖;不选大幅度描红类字帖。
纸
练习纸种类繁多,常见的有回宫格、米字格、田字格、空白格、横线格、竖线格等等,练习纸的选择也需依据自己的基础,初学尽量选择辅助线多的回宫格、米字格等,随着阶段的变化,练习纸也应该有所改变以减少辅助,达到科学练习的目的。按时间顺序,不止使用了米字格纸、田字格纸、空白格纸、横线纸、竖线纸、白纸。
重点:从脱离米字格到白纸,练字整个过程都贯穿着田字格纸的巩固练习,不属于完全转换状态。
另外,有以下几个点可以注意:
(1)当没有问题的笔墨写在纸上产生洇墨、阻力大等类问题,建议换纸。
(2)不要使用线格过小的纸,选择写起来有种自然舒适状态的纸。
(3)不要刻意追求“好”纸,硬笔行楷的练习对纸的要求较低。
练字内容
从欣赏一幅书法作品的角度,至少会从章法、结构、笔画(划)三方面进行解读,这三方面即是要练字的内容。
章法
章法是安排布置整幅作品中,字与字、行与行之间呼应、照顾等关系的方法,它着重于字与字之间、行与行之间的协调。章法包含着字形大小、字距远近、字态正奇、黑白分布、落款铃印等,利用这些手段可以使众多单字在特定的风格下形成一种和谐稳定美观又不失趣味的作品。
结构
结构是字内各笔画长短、粗细、疏密、布局等。汉字从结构上分有独体字与合体字两大类。从结构形式看,合体字分为七种,即上下结构、上中下结构、左右结构、左中右结构、半包围结构、全包围结构和品字形结构,巧妙地组织笔画让笔画布局合理,传达的视觉效果越好。
笔画(划)
永字反映出了“点、横、竖、撇、捺、提、折、钩”八个基本笔画。笔尖与纸面接触的痕迹,反映出笔画力度、角度、粗细、曲直等。笔画作为练字的起点,是最基础也是最核心的,务必加倍重视。
练字方式
临摹字帖是当下练字最有效的途径,但是部分人在临摹之前往往忽略了一个前提:读帖。将练字方法分解为三个部分:读帖、摹写、临写。
读帖
读帖需要分析字帖范字的笔画、结构、章法。读帖是一个发挥主观能动性的过程,初步练习时应更多的注重笔画的长短、粗细、徐疾、轻重,笔画之间的俯仰、向背、离合、呼应,字的大小、方圆、高矮、宽窄等等。仔细领会字帖的点画形质、间架结构、气韵神采,才能下笔准确。对同一字帖而言,应从其点画开始,观察其起笔、行笔、收笔如何完成以及同一类笔画之间的细小差别等,再到观察毎个字的间架结构、位置布局和章法,最后则是体味字站的气韵神采、风格特点,为准确地临写做好准备。对不同字帖而言,就比如不止选择的两本字帖,往往起到一个相辅相成的作用,为了解一个字体作好充分的准备。经过观察,不止使用的行楷字帖,不像古帖变化较多,容易学习,方便掌握。
摹写
市面上流通的大多数摹写字帖采用透明度较高的硫酸纸覆盖在字帖上,按照影子描写(或者猫红)。当你开始使用摹写时前也要详细的读帖,做到心中有数。摹写过程中,尽量与原帖的用笔一致,单字书写一气呵成,不可存在먹笔填笔等问题。摹写有利有弊,不止认为摹写存在降低主观能动性的嫌疑,故整个练字试验过程都没有使用摹写。
临写
临写根据要求的不同可分为对临、背临和意临。
1、对临
可将字帖置于视角左侧或前端,便于准确观察。随着练字形式的多样化,对临时关于字帖的摆放只要适用于自己即可,可通过裁剪字帖放大观察范围,不必拘泥形式。基于读帖,写完后再将自己写的与字帖仔细对照分析,找到不足做出标记,再次临写,循环练习直到与字帖的字高度相以。临写时不可看一笔写一笔。
2、背临
在读帖,摹写,对临这些过程中,应当有所思索、有所比较、有所记忆,将字帖熟记于心,合帖临写,通过背临这种方式来检验自己是否熟练,这种方式就好比背语文课文,作为一种检查手段的同时,也是在巩固字体的练习,以形成记忆模式,达到一种出笔即像的境界。有部分练习者对照字帖能写得很好,一旦离开字站,不管是字形还是结构都降了层次,这就是因为没有使用好背临这一招。学习一个字体最后目的就是要将帖上字化为已用,想要到达这一目的,背临是必经的过程。背临还有两种形式:空背临和心背临。由于这两种方式不存在使用工具、时间、环境等的要求,完全可以利用碎片时间进行练习与巩固。空背临可用手指、木棍等工具在空中、地上或身上,通过记忆比照字帖写。心背临即在心里描摹字帖,在脑中再现每一笔每一画,这种方式适合睡觉前时用。
3、意临
在临写时注入了自己的主观意识,意临是由临摹过渡到创作的必经之路。诸多初学者存在一个问题:练字时喜欢掺杂自己的意识,这是一种正常的现象,但是也是要趁早正视解决的问题,到达意临这个阶段才开始融入主观思维,切不可过早掺入。意临可从为两种,第一种是在原帖字体风格的基础上,使用自己的笔法或结体特征来表现;第二种是在自己字体风格的基础上,使用原站的笔法和结体特征来适应自己的“意”。
注意事项
三种练字方法的合理利用才能在练字过程取得一个不错的效率,需要我们注意如下几点:
1、多临少摹
不止在为期四个多月的练习期间不采用摹写是因为降低了主观能动性。将摹写与临写进行有机结合,以临写为主、摹写为辅的方式取长补短,未必不是一种好的方法。
2、循序渐进
一般而言,从摹写到临写,各项练习方法应当有效穿插,相互作为辅助关系。
3、先专后博
比如不止选择的两本字帖,先《实用行楷字帖》,后《林数因语录行楷》,两本字帖虽然都是荆香鹏的字,但有差别。先打好基础,解决好笔画结构,再进入长篇幅的练习。同时也可以找书家其他字帖,进行广泛吸收。
4、点面结合
在练习前期,笔画与结构的练习往往是结合在一起。由于诸多现代字帖制作是由字体库生成,相同的字没有变化,极有利于练习(也有弊端,不够灵动)。练习中后期,笔画、结构、章法相互穿插练习,可以进行通临,形成面到点,点到面的良性循环。
5、讲究实效
练字不是抄字,做事要做有用功,每一笔、每一字都需要精益求精,不求数量求质量。当今生活节奏过快,部分人练习时总想急于求成,练字不是一朝一夕的事,讲究效率的同时也要注重坚持。
行楷技巧
连写笔画
写行楷书,往往将相邻的笔画连写,以方便书写。
引用草书
为增强行书的流动笔意,注重牵丝连带,调节行气,也可以把人们比较熟悉的草字直接串写在行楷书中。
简化字形
行楷书书写时,由于连写笔画,可以适当减少笔画数、简化了字形,使书写更加便捷。
改变笔顺
行楷书为了连写方便,有一些字改变了楷书的笔画顺序。总体上要保证美感,章法布局上要讲究错落有致,空间布白。
略带斜势
行楷书在书写时,为行笔连带方便,横可以大幅度上斜,字形略带斜势,自成新的体势。
大小相间
行楷书在排行书写时,字形大小,随其自然,大小相间,使行气更加流畅自然。
章法布局排列
字的大小讲究有大有小,错落有致,相得益彰,这样能够使整体更加美观大方。
规律技巧
左短右长
是指左部偏旁较右部要短、而且小。书写时,左部要写小、并略靠上一些,为右部写宽长一些留出位置。这类字的右部往往有撇画向左部的下方伸展,要恰到好处,不能伸的太长。比如:听、作、观等。
左高右低
点竖对正
指在一个字中,有上下两个中竖者,两个中竖应当垂直对正。竖能对正,则字身不倒。在许多字中,中竖决定字的重心,安放位置对与错就决定了这个字的好坏。
左斜右正
凡左右结构者,以左斜右正者居多,左斜为呼,右正为应,有呼无应,字势必殇,有应无呼,无源之水,均不能立,呼者以斜而取势,应者以平而安神,呈左动而右稳,书呼疾而应迟。
左宽右窄
撇捺不相连
上展下收
横长撇短
上紧下松
书写要点
行楷入门,以吴玉生行楷字为例。
常用字“大”字虽然笔画简单,但并不好写,眼睛一看就会,但是写出来总觉得姿态别扭。
为了方便记忆,下面我把“大”字书写要点归结为“3直1弯”。
①横画要直,用中横,要果断,粗壮有力,不宜带弧度;
②竖撇竖要直;
③捺画前半段要直;
④竖撇跨过横画之后,急转弯,弧度非常大。
毛笔行楷
姿势
坐姿
写毛笔字以坐姿为主。一则练二三寸大楷字无须站立,坐着写就行了;二则坐着省力又利于凝神聚气,注意力容易集中。主张写二三寸大楷模也要用立姿的主要原因是为了练习悬肘,其实坐着写也照样可以用悬肘法,关键是方法要正确。正确的坐姿应该是头正、身直、臂开、足安”(见图下)。
头正:指书写时头要摆正,不可偏侧。
身直:指身体要平正、坐直,两肩齐平,当然直立不是要昂首挺胸,而应该肩背放松,自然下沉,身子略向前倾,胸口与桌面保持一多的间隔,切忌弯腰驼背,甚至将下巴枕靠在左手背上。
臂开:指手臂要往前伸开些,同时两臂的肘关节也要向左右撑开,两边基本匀称。
足安:是指两只脚自然地平稳着地,两腿左右略微分开,其位置与肩宽基本相等,肌肉放松。
站姿
站着写毛笔字身子可略往前倾,头部正直稍微有些下俯,左手掌按住桌面上的纸,右手近于伸直,执笔的姿势也要随着站立而改变,手享下覆,手背与手臂几乎成一平面。两脚分开站稳,双足之间的距离与肩宽大致相等。书写时用手腕、手臂的运动来完成;如果写特别大的字,甚至要用腰部的运动来书写,两脚可再分开些,使书写动作可大一些。执笔方法也应随之而变化。
工具
选笔
毛笔
不同阶段,不同水平,学习不同的书体,练习大小不同的字,对应的毛笔也是不同的。
推荐实体店购买,而非网店购买。网店上的东西看不清摸不着,仅能通过几张图片来判断,这种判断方法很难看的真切,因此很多人发现上了当。而在实体店可以好好观察,也可以根据不同的价格的毛笔进行一个对比,从而择优购买,有问题也能在现场发现。
用笔最好还是选择品牌笔,价格虽是稍高点,但质量比较可靠,包括用料和工艺。
范本
平时多看名帖、看书法展、看名家挥毫。从好作品中汲取养分。推荐的以下范本。
书写原则
1、线条坚而浑——激情原自线条的熟练。线是力和势的组合,行笔要沉着痛快,做到稳健、轻便,重笔势(即趋向),根据字形大小排字的走向,线条斜势,整体纵向走势。
2、结体奇而稳——注意重心。欹侧、擒纵、疏密、高低。
3、章法变而贯——竹节式(几个字一节)节数间有空隙;贯珠式(中心线);蛇行式(左右摆动);疏影式(疏疏朗朗)。
布局要点
1、一字不能成行。
2、字与字之间有呼应,上承下启,左映右带,行距和字距不能相等。书眼放中央,可大些,字与周边气贯。
3、整体上展出适合墨迹浓重的作品。挂家中适合疏淡的作品。
4、作品中不能有错别字,异体字不过于冷僻。
5、作品整体布局上面重下面轻。
6、评作品好坏主要看总体视觉效果:节奏、墨色、用笔。
7、三三两两,似散还续,气脉一贯,此布局之妙也。
书写技巧
行楷的连带
笔画连带是行楷书的核心,唯有连带,方能提高书写速度。除了一般上下笔划之间的连带之外,还有一些特殊的连带。
1、改变笔顺。如分、交、布、必、巨、王等字,笔顺改变后,连带顺畅,书写便利。
2、笔画合并。如页、吊、此、高、非等字,笔画合并后,两笔并作一笔,使得上下连贯。 3、笔画省略。如即、动、蜂、龄、它等字的点、小竖、短撇等次要笔画,为了不妨碍连笔,就省略掉了,虽然省略了,但是仍易于辨认。
4、笔画替代。如风、喜、基、具、常、王、能、可等字,这写字大都采取了描摹轮廓的方式来写,用象形笔法勾勒出来,由于约定俗成,已被大家所接受。
要练好行楷,关键要仔细观察字的行笔路线,注意上下衔接,突出主要笔画,减少对笔画的修饰,尽量一气呵成,使字浑然一体。由于书写点画简略,随意自然,行楷给人们以轻松愉快的感觉。
书写特点
行楷的书写特点是连、变、省,其笔画比正楷字的笔画自由,用笔方法也有许多变化。下面我们逐一介绍行楷的基本笔画。
行楷的点画
行楷画卷头尖、腹平、背圆、尾满,前后顾盼。点画都与字的中心呼应。下面是行楷字点画的主要写法:
行楷的横画
行楷字横画多数带钩,与前后笔画呼应或者连接,有长短、精细、俯仰等变化,如果数横并列,要有长短参差,笔势也要有区别。横画在字中往往起平衡作用,因此书写时要注意长短、角度和曲弧。
行楷的竖画
行楷字写竖画不宜太直硬,要适当取斜势或弯曲,收笔有悬针,有垂露,有带钩,有弯弧,但必须把力用到笔端,切忌软散。字中的长竖作适当夸张。
行楷的撇画
行楷字的撇有多种姿态,要注意长短、曲直的变化,书写时常常回锋,做到伸缩有度,与捺相配时要有变化,不能呆板。
行楷的捺画
捺多用在字的右部或者右下角的末笔,有时写成反捺或长点出锋,但要注意带曲,回锋的方向要有变化。
行楷的提画
提又称挑,常在左右结构字左旁的末笔,与右半边联系。写提笔要快而有劲
行楷的折画
行楷字的折画有圆有方,圆转多于方折,圆度要润,方折要顿。
行楷的钩画
行楷字的钩画多变并适度夸张。有些字本来没有钩,可以加钩起连带作用,但要生动求变,饱满有劲,切忌软弱、尖细。
书写关键
八面出锋
借助于八面出锋,自然显出墨色浓淡,湿中有干,干中有湿,浓中有淡,淡中有浓,变化千万,使作品富有节奏感。
刚柔相济
刚力—铁划银钩(粗):柔力—行云流水(细)。
惜墨如金
要求蘸一次墨写一个字,甚至数字。
豁然开朗
留白处有宽有窄,宽处给人以忽然开朗之感。艺术是制造矛盾,到解决矛盾的过程。
中侧并用
中锋得法立骨,侧锋得势求变。中锋是理性的要求,是书法审美的核心所在;侧锋是情性的化身,是书法通神的手段。
深思熟虑
创作前要深思熟虑,反复推敲,做到“胸有成竹”。
一气呵成
书法是感情的流露,不是技巧的表现,要在身体与心情皆好的状态下写字。书写时随意挥洒,一气呵成。
错落有致
一般情况下,作品的行距要宽,字距要紧。字忌并列,要错开。节数间有空隙,排列组合要有节奏,大小字参差,突出中间书眼。
笔情墨趣
书法是无声的音乐,无形的舞蹈。求变化中有呼应,使整体和谐,有强烈的节奏和视觉冲击力。用好拙笔,用笔略慢,动中有静,写出墨趣。
重视贯气
书法的气,是指点划与不同字之间的呼应,字与字之间的趋向。
书写方法
读帖
要练眼,即认真读帖。读帖是基础,要仔细观察字在方格中的高低位置、笔画的连贯映带、疏密和长短等,眼高是手高的前提,对字形要善于观察、分析和比较,大致相同的字合成一类,举一反三,达到事半功倍的效果。
练脑
要练脑或说练心。在细心观察的基础上,要把示范字牢牢地记在心里,只有把字形象记英语单词、背数学公式那样烂熟于心,深深地刻在大脑里,才能熟练运用。无论何时,一旦提到这个字,马上就能想出这个字在字帖上的形状,做到胸有成帖,脑有成字。
练手
练眼和练脑是为了搞清字该怎样写,心中能想出字的最好效果,手下却不一定能写出来,因为脑不一定能指挥得了手,手不一定能指挥得了笔。练手就是要达到心手一致、手笔一致的境界,所以练手也是至关重要的。练手主要是练指力、练腕力、练手感。
练结构
要写好行楷,结构的练习重于笔画的练习。字的结构是指字的笔画的长短比例及笔画间的穿插避让关系。要掌握汉字的结构,大家可以写写黑体字,通过这种字体把结构进行校正,然后加以变化,写其他的字体也就容易一些。
%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷又称“汉字行楷手写体字形”,是偏重于楷书书写笔法,比楷书行笔自由,又比行草规正的行书字体。是汉字在楷书基础上简约书写笔画、增强书写映带、表现书写意趣的实用性字体。行楷最大的优势在于实用性极强,书写速度快、易识易学。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIcYsIAc6q8UAHoupFfA6Jv"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷特点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYaukOIYUqu4uirDWImLVhI"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行笔轻盈","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUAAg4qCUSo6KGuqFDmvpHf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"书写楷书,运笔稳实、缓慢,笔画讲究工整、挺健。书写行楷,运笔轻松、便捷,线条追求流畅、明快。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCcIycGWM0kCICoARw4h31d"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":360,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"行笔轻盈","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/07aa7d0ff2be4e8585dc8f7287a33c88","width":366},"text":"","id":"doxcn6eaIKe6qku4eQygEUM7n3y"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"点画灵动","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnC4Kq6GGeMC4MyScd0OabDe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"书写楷书,笔画造型完整,点画之间呼应关系含蓄。书写行楷,点画活泼,连带显露,点、钩、挑等动感笔画明显增多。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2EEM4UIOggMSo7KjntZCAh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":358,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"点画灵动","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/37d3a92a963c4e908f3f31e1a7a3a649","width":372},"text":"","id":"doxcnqC8oAwiiumKUstBwpBAjpc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"字形多变","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnC82UOSaoAq8GG4UbvbUo1d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"楷书的字形平正端庄,通篇整齐均匀,相映如一。行楷字的字形变化多姿,通篇大小相间,正敧相错,同一个字可以有多种写法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2iekUmMgo6SoiiSs7V6a1b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":436,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"字形多变","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b53a66166e1243ab8eea03c77eef8915","width":431},"text":"","id":"doxcnAYAgCE6gSM4g1SmRmWs7Qz"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"硬笔行楷","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8oSKw6Oa06U2gVS19IetNg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"姿势","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn08qmQYAGsSkyOI8DWpi9Nc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"坐姿","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnciMciCmG8IcCEjBHGJk0Qh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐的坐姿:头正、肩平、臂开、足安;眼离纸一尺高,手离笔尖一寸长,胸离桌子拳头,推荐坐姿如下图。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKokEyOQEISoEwPbLbaS4id"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":269,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"坐姿","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2518cd45688c4c88b6ad0dc26fa83e68","width":249},"text":"","id":"doxcnS4soUKQwKyCCofbdKxjsEh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"握姿","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQgsMwykeKq0umedSoMmVrh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐的握姿:拇指、食指捏住笔,中指抵住笔杆底;余下两指紧相依,指离笔尖一寸余;五指配合齐用力,不松不紧最适宜,推荐握姿如下图。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnssCokGGekg8G0UAgW0iUxh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":181,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"握姿","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f6ecdf5dcd674c09844ac3b09d317014","width":260},"text":"","id":"doxcnGYuiweyaGmqkWfgdUpbvhb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4IQSKyg8eYQ8esyWOtcVuc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"选笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYoWqeCaqQiKKEbPWJleqze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、钢笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyaCk2M6ME8eGaSyV44e6Jc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"钢笔的地位在硬笔练字中处于不可撼动的地位,较强表现力可以反映出毛笔的效果。关于练习钢笔的选择,我们可以遵从以下原则:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsG6Ye4omiYEAOs7UZGKLvh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)不使用美工笔。美工笔不利于稳定练习;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS2asmUM8Oc0umYs2RnCLXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)不使用写起来不适的钢笔。比如出现堵笔、洇墨、摩阻过大等问题;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwcSUoiKOMOAwolSDNeSgqg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)不使用过贵的钢笔。在成本练字的过程相对耗笔,尽量做到成本控制,贵的笔对练字本身没有太实质性的帮助。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYWSoWCMyIac2wXg8H0vTNc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":800,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"选笔","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/143c124cd04042ea8e2dd086dadce517","width":800},"text":"","id":"doxcnOimsEeYcU8IUycD6KwzYRc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中性笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAIOqO4UKUsKiiWblbtqV0b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中性笔有稳定、表现力强、便宜、便捷、书写舒适等优点,是一种相对完美的笔。不止在此次行楷练习试验中,日常生活中,大多数人更愿意使用0.5中性笔。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8y80ucmkMEo6Yz690kipzd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中性笔的挑选可以遵从如下原则:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnguKWaAyGiU8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,至少会从章法、结构、笔画(划)三方面进行解读,这三方面即是要练字的内容。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4uW6WqcQQUws0SXcSdnWrg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"章法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnu0IiMSkSoICs0ivuP8j0Ad"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"章法是安排布置整幅作品中,字与字、行与行之间呼应、照顾等关系的方法,它着重于字与字之间、行与行之间的协调。章法包含着字形大小、字距远近、字态正奇、黑白分布、落款铃印等,利用这些手段可以使众多单字在特定的风格下形成一种和谐稳定美观又不失趣味的作品。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsusugEusaIo8MvXg33O1nd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"结构","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkwY2Cok0I4kKa6vEwygEJd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"结构是字内各笔画长短、粗细、疏密、布局等。汉字从结构上分有独体字与合体字两大类。从结构形式看,合体字分为七种,即上下结构、上中下结构、左右结构、左中右结构、半包围结构、全包围结构和品字形结构,巧妙地组织笔画让笔画布局合理,传达的视觉效果越好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnssuKaGa0MoAsuAwL2Ii3nh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"笔画(划)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneeOGiAiIIeW0IKQDaEEH5I"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"永字反映出了“点、横、竖、撇、捺、提、折、钩”八个基本笔画。笔尖与纸面接触的痕迹,反映出笔画力度、角度、粗细、曲直等。笔画作为练字的起点,是最基础也是最核心的,务必加倍重视。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniAmUuyA0CaaswvbgJ0S7Ch"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"练字方式","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYKCygkWcIKGKUPHW5pSzxf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"临摹字帖是当下练字最有效的途径,但是部分人在临摹之前往往忽略了一个前提:读帖。将练字方法分解为三个部分:读帖、摹写、临写。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO0UMscWAuQkIe5yqi2MeT9"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"读帖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGAAk82w28KUOIRlF1S8QLh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"读帖需要分析字帖范字的笔画、结构、章法。读帖是一个发挥主观能动性的过程,初步练习时应更多的注重笔画的长短、粗细、徐疾、轻重,笔画之间的俯仰、向背、离合、呼应,字的大小、方圆、高矮、宽窄等等。仔细领会字帖的点画形质、间架结构、气韵神采,才能下笔准确。对同一字帖而言,应从其点画开始,观察其起笔、行笔、收笔如何完成以及同一类笔画之间的细小差别等,再到观察毎个字的间架结构、位置布局和章法,最后则是体味字站的气韵神采、风格特点,为准确地临写做好准备。对不同字帖而言,就比如不止选择的两本字帖,往往起到一个相辅相成的作用,为了解一个字体作好充分的准备。经过观察,不止使用的行楷字帖,不像古帖变化较多,容易学习,方便掌握。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6mgYAAAQOMywycRkaO2uCf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"摹写","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6gYSEGaCkcOkiUDVAvGzle"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"市面上流通的大多数摹写字帖采用透明度较高的硫酸纸覆盖在字帖上,按照影子描写(或者猫红)。当你开始使用摹写时前也要详细的读帖,做到心中有数。摹写过程中,尽量与原帖的用笔一致,单字书写一气呵成,不可存在먹笔填笔等问题。摹写有利有弊,不止认为摹写存在降低主观能动性的嫌疑,故整个练字试验过程都没有使用摹写。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncqAyo4S6CCSaYTmdDAzshe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"临写","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6iM4OiYag0WcQD61VKxzDd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"临写根据要求的不同可分为对临、背临和意临。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnygOUcU2IMMCIs1Ye474JJd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、对临","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni62qGqSGoUMUYNDoHeenTw"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"可将字帖置于视角左侧或前端,便于准确观察。随着练字形式的多样化,对临时关于字帖的摆放只要适用于自己即可,可通过裁剪字帖放大观察范围,不必拘泥形式。基于读帖,写完后再将自己写的与字帖仔细对照分析,找到不足做出标记,再次临写,循环练习直到与字帖的字高度相以。临写时不可看一笔写一笔。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncyUQQaEEiUwKsF3SWiJp0e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、背临","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA2S06sa2kckwDN9brm2NLc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在读帖,摹写,对临这些过程中,应当有所思索、有所比较、有所记忆,将字帖熟记于心,合帖临写,通过背临这种方式来检验自己是否熟练,这种方式就好比背语文课文,作为一种检查手段的同时,也是在巩固字体的练习,以形成记忆模式,达到一种出笔即像的境界。有部分练习者对照字帖能写得很好,一旦离开字站,不管是字形还是结构都降了层次,这就是因为没有使用好背临这一招。学习一个字体最后目的就是要将帖上字化为已用,想要到达这一目的,背临是必经的过程。背临还有两种形式:空背临和心背临。由于这两种方式不存在使用工具、时间、环境等的要求,完全可以利用碎片时间进行练习与巩固。空背临可用手指、木棍等工具在空中、地上或身上,通过记忆比照字帖写。心背临即在心里描摹字帖,在脑中再现每一笔每一画,这种方式适合睡觉前时用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMcQ2kOYemq2qmcI1ebeInc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、意临","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAKoeUoysIM2gE9Ezj6O0Yb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在临写时注入了自己的主观意识,意临是由临摹过渡到创作的必经之路。诸多初学者存在一个问题:练字时喜欢掺杂自己的意识,这是一种正常的现象,但是也是要趁早正视解决的问题,到达意临这个阶段才开始融入主观思维,切不可过早掺入。意临可从为两种,第一种是在原帖字体风格的基础上,使用自己的笔法或结体特征来表现;第二种是在自己字体风格的基础上,使用原站的笔法和结体特征来适应自己的“意”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGYuu2QQuummUchftaOlYJf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意事项","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSEKqU8MukMwuYLyVM9eJ0g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三种练字方法的合理利用才能在练字过程取得一个不错的效率,需要我们注意如下几点:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnM4ci6OkEmCu4Mv7B1q8ayg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、多临少摹","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4UsGEYE2qa4kSq81ldYrEb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"不止在为期四个多月的练习期间不采用摹写是因为降低了主观能动性。将摹写与临写进行有机结合,以临写为主、摹写为辅的方式取长补短,未必不是一种好的方法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8kGcQuiKocsIHa0TtdvKh9"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、循序渐进","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIA0wMeKukUIs7pBA3jNXG7"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一般而言,从摹写到临写,各项练习方法应当有效穿插,相互作为辅助关系。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2weMMgcMgICQgHri9JdLFd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、先专后博","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn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"text","text":"布局要点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0C8AumEsAMuqScsKS82lCg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、一字不能成行。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOc0ksWyuU2Y4ATMXFv7pKh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、字与字之间有呼应,上承下启,左映右带,行距和字距不能相等。书眼放中央,可大些,字与周边气贯。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGasoYq4GKYGsecACmzowgd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、整体上展出适合墨迹浓重的作品。挂家中适合疏淡的作品。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0cyk6G2kM2Mc8JWNqfN43f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、作品中不能有错别字,异体字不过于冷僻。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS8YkomM2yCWCgfldKKZbdc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、作品整体布局上面重下面轻。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAeuAikQYIUcU6AMYaLjiMg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、评作品好坏主要看总体视觉效果:节奏、墨色、用笔。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQAaMeOU4oIII3teYgTEPkb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、三三两两,似散还续,气脉一贯,此布局之妙也。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4iqiYKKmE0moI7XxDzVdXq"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":360,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"布局要点","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e5dcacce4cad4010ad94c4bf926d1548","width":360},"text":"","id":"doxcns2q6MuQS2OYkUFUYR1XDYd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"书写技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqAKwy8akk2GOlNevr7eyNe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的连带","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnG0o6uA0YYe8CuWrldoHTie"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"笔画连带是行楷书的核心,唯有连带,方能提高书写速度。除了一般上下笔划之间的连带之外,还有一些特殊的连带。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcno8SYyoAsoSocOZIZBKiU7L"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、改变笔顺。如分、交、布、必、巨、王等字,笔顺改变后,连带顺畅,书写便利。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncsCykwUwgQyCkXIu4UVJFc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、笔画合并。如页、吊、此、高、非等字,笔画合并后,两笔并作一笔,使得上下连贯。 3、笔画省略。如即、动、蜂、龄、它等字的点、小竖、短撇等次要笔画,为了不妨碍连笔,就省略掉了,虽然省略了,但是仍易于辨认。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOYy6OeoucYkqYfm5oVPIeg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、笔画替代。如风、喜、基、具、常、王、能、可等字,这写字大都采取了描摹轮廓的方式来写,用象形笔法勾勒出来,由于约定俗成,已被大家所接受。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniYscSugg4ga4kJKzB7wtCb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"要练好行楷,关键要仔细观察字的行笔路线,注意上下衔接,突出主要笔画,减少对笔画的修饰,尽量一气呵成,使字浑然一体。由于书写点画简略,随意自然,行楷给人们以轻松愉快的感觉。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGCQCeMou2CkAyyiNa3Bstg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"书写特点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE4o0MYkUE0UmWeKpQb4cxg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的书写特点是连、变、省,其笔画比正楷字的笔画自由,用笔方法也有许多变化。下面我们逐一介绍行楷的基本笔画。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng2aqCSqMucQ6GriKynPoIc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的点画","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA0C64w46QSqsstlt7yH0yg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷画卷头尖、腹平、背圆、尾满,前后顾盼。点画都与字的中心呼应。下面是行楷字点画的主要写法:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGIEQKUwOsoeM8sP960iQHb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":571,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的点画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c7cd854fd45e4de899fe8863de596e9b","width":450},"text":"","id":"doxcncYgsUyM4sSS66mhva0NHhB"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的横画","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKYyC4eEYoIkKPxkgIr9ixK"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷字横画多数带钩,与前后笔画呼应或者连接,有长短、精细、俯仰等变化,如果数横并列,要有长短参差,笔势也要有区别。横画在字中往往起平衡作用,因此书写时要注意长短、角度和曲弧。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngaCsoG2GAoQwukjtCX0n69"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":355,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的横画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f5deb7f3e889460583b771ccb2bd1748","width":537},"text":"","id":"doxcn8UuYcU88As6k4KiNBFM5Pc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的竖画","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUQ8Kmyc4S0G0qOuxQZlEme"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷字写竖画不宜太直硬,要适当取斜势或弯曲,收笔有悬针,有垂露,有带钩,有弯弧,但必须把力用到笔端,切忌软散。字中的长竖作适当夸张。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIsACQSQmYUmE8jtVztVsRf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":592,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的竖画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4ebe6c6e082e402290371396cd7a13d5","width":590},"text":"","id":"doxcnuE8UyyK64ME6moE7zHbUlf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的撇画","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyCeWYWmogs4Kqgp8hCMKvd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷字的撇有多种姿态,要注意长短、曲直的变化,书写时常常回锋,做到伸缩有度,与捺相配时要有变化,不能呆板。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnI6SMqOyMs8SMGqegxzJXld"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":545,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的撇画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/44e54987821142888f501960daa7e3b5","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnwKQKEG66I4qI0Ia4oXvH3c"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的捺画","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmcaosE8KQAIwmEE9pflz0g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"捺多用在字的右部或者右下角的末笔,有时写成反捺或长点出锋,但要注意带曲,回锋的方向要有变化。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqQMqOIEkuOiUeKfhqJ8rVT"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":659,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的捺画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/631e14ee1c724642961a834cbfc47eba","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnUOe46mkCgIoICQmdDa8Rrc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的提画","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2CUkIkSq6YUaYdnIpKqHwd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"提又称挑,常在左右结构字左旁的末笔,与右半边联系。写提笔要快而有劲 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4MK8QuaAOYm40WLzS0TJie"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":439,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的提画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1ba0891e62d549ff937195b34bf9e80f","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcncCkuYouk6ssmsT06ZDxoSc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的折画","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcno8eOy0ks4EQqIljp7jUr0d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷字的折画有圆有方,圆转多于方折,圆度要润,方折要顿。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGmy4CU0MgcoSUVQHAqYB2g"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":423,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的折画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8711dc90e7e642dd95cf0e67a20bae36","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnWY2wyEWWQkKQMztqVyBQch"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的钩画","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMwMi8eu2s8S06UT3SKzm9F"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷字的钩画多变并适度夸张。有些字本来没有钩,可以加钩起连带作用,但要生动求变,饱满有劲,切忌软弱、尖细。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwswImyS0Oae46NA7C35mlb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":779,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的折画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/776ce9e7ba5b460383868d7eb282e824","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnG4Wy24uac42aYRHOKhrDEf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"书写关键","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6o86MmeMUcmkkHLBcIqxCc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"八面出锋","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngoI2owY4EG8qINNFHuTY6f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"借助于八面出锋,自然显出墨色浓淡,湿中有干,干中有湿,浓中有淡,淡中有浓,变化千万,使作品富有节奏感。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMi6CSowM8wIuYzm00qxlDh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"刚柔相济","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCKG0SSqAMiiUG2RJNSagMo"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"刚力—","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"铁划银钩(粗):柔力—","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"行云流水(细)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS0AyiWK04co8UJir8F7Tkc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"惜墨如金","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnU22cm6iiwWIUgtSXfFRqed"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"要求蘸一次墨写一个字,甚至数字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaSwgo86II24yiOONHJDHNh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"豁然开朗","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmygKyu8gAiQ6OplD7osqVp"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"留白处有宽有窄,宽处给人以忽然开朗之感。艺术是制造矛盾,到解决矛盾的过程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQG04OK2ke0U0gN2BO9SEhf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中侧并用","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEsOk8Kq6uaoieE67PtMfad"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中锋得法立骨,侧锋得势求变。中锋是理性的要求,是书法审美的","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"核心所在;","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"侧锋是情性的化身,是书法通神的手段。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGYscu8skYuWMnl6PLQWXcM"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"深思熟虑","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngQI8EcImyUakEyabawOXpb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"创作前要深思熟虑,反复推敲,做到“胸有成竹”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ4mKQIMo68siohfwOjuh5a"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一气呵成","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncmGoe46o6aOGYrkbQGiTJb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"书法是感情的流露,不是技巧的表现,要在身体与心情皆好的状态下写字。书写时随意挥洒,一气呵成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA4SeYSQgyyEc2B0GHS46Le"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"错落有致","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO0yIwmIsgGwYGEvjjQ0Bxh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一般情况下,作品的行距要宽,字距要紧。字忌并列,要错开。节数间有空隙,排列组合要有节奏,大小字参差,突出中间书眼。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIgs6IawSuwA8e6o12XYVkg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"笔情墨趣","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOoi2iO4OCGWGwHrtxBjXhb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"书法是无声的音乐,无形的舞蹈。求变化中有呼应,使整体和谐,有强烈的节奏和视觉冲击力。用好拙笔,用笔略慢,动中有静,写出墨趣。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaAGSyYusYGaA0YK4jiARyf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"重视贯气","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngUwWOeuwYI0wOoZ4Dee31c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"书法的气,是指点划与不同字之间的呼应,字与字之间的趋向。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaAAmUk0uIGQYmKljTaPVSd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"书写方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwm44O4Q6GY8CuarhxCvxeg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"读帖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMKmOesQEoQmUUPRMutQo4c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"要练眼,即认真读帖。读帖是基础,要仔细观察字在方格中的高低位置、笔画的连贯映带、疏密和长短等,眼高是手高的前提,对字形要善于观察、分析和比较,大致相同的字合成一类,举一反三,达到事半功倍的效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmUisQUE2w4M8VEjN2dz4D6"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"练脑","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYyqqQ0SUumUUuinEBUVCsf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"要练脑或说练心。在细心观察的基础上,要把示范字牢牢地记在心里,只有把字形象记英语单词、背数学公式那样烂熟于心,深深地刻在大脑里,才能熟练运用。无论何时,一旦提到这个字,马上就能想出这个字在字帖上的形状,做到胸有成帖,脑有成字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyU28iuMaKMEUs12rquz09b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"练手","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcns6Oi8EeSe8qkkNRUT9nOQc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"练眼和练脑是为了搞清字该怎样写,心中能想出字的最好效果,手下却不一定能写出来,因为脑不一定能指挥得了手,手不一定能指挥得了笔。练手就是要达到心手一致、手笔一致的境界,所以练手也是至关重要的。练手主要是练指力、练腕力、练手感。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOcskIEmeugIo2l4FqNoh6J"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"练结构","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnISwyugGwWSIkEPvx6PS7Ud"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"要写好行楷,结构的练习重于笔画的练习。字的结构是指字的笔画的长短比例及笔画间的穿插避让关系。要掌握汉字的结构,大家可以写写黑体字,通过这种字体把结构进行校正,然后加以变化,写其他的字体也就容易一些。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoScscSKaGWEK47RWMAFSAf"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E5. 时尚水族鱼缸怎么样
需要。购买鱼缸个人建议买品牌的鱼缸。
第一,考虑安全方面(在实际生活中很多鱼缸用的玻璃及玻璃胶不过关,出现漏水,爆缸例子太多了,你仔细看每家缸做工不同价位不同。)
第二,过滤的结构和方式均有不同,在你使用的过程中会发现问题。个人建议可以参考下可丽爱鱼缸,在做工及用料上还不错。
6. 时尚水族鱼缸如何换水
(1)给水族箱换水的工具,最先想到的肯定是桶。但是你要知道一个水族箱里几十公斤的水,用桶拎来拎去肯定是不现实的。一般都是使用特质的虹吸水管搭配桶使用。几块钱就可以买到。
(2)其次,也有鱼友使用手动泵为鱼缸换水。当然肯定不是全换了,事实上给水族箱换水很少有人全部换新水使用。手动泵有个好处就是,可以对这脏东西使用,直接吸收鱼的粪便。
(3)祛除自来水里面的氯元素。如果直接使用自来水会导致水族中毒。最普遍的办法就是晒水。晒过的水里面的氯元素没有了,挥发了。晒水是不错的选择,然而需要时间,还需要容器。对于一些上班族朋友来说比较为难。那么可以使用一些正规的消毒剂。将药物投放到水里也能够除去氯元素。
(4)每次换水只换1/3~2/3。3天到7天可以换一次。水族箱换水的正确方法:有的比较名贵的水族对于水质变化很敏感。比如魟鱼。彻底换水就会导致鱼死亡。正确的做法就是少换多次。
(5)很多朋友都会往水族箱里加入盐,的确盐水可以沉淀杂质,对水族箱消毒。对于海水鱼来说,加点盐还能够让鱼更加适应环境。但如果你的水族箱里有清道夫,那么肯定是不能加盐了,清道夫一旦接触到盐。就会嗝屁。
7. 时尚水族鱼缸XQ一320A
西龙XQ520A型鱼缸内置过滤潜水泵是三合一泵。
增强三合一泵的过滤效果:
1、由水泵的输出水流量方面着手,水泵的输出流量越大,经过滤材并被过滤的水越多,堵住冲浪口、文氏管可以相对提高水泵的输出流量。
2、合理配置三合一水泵。根据饲养对象不同,通常要求配置达到每小时流量为鱼缸总水量5-10倍流量的水泵(水草缸、小型鱼应配置5倍,大型鱼应配置10倍)。 此外,尽量增加过滤器滤盒中的滤材,并添加硝化细菌等菌种,同时水泵保持24小时不间断工作。强大、有效的生化过滤才能使过滤后的水质适宜鱼类生存。
8. 时尚水族鱼缸怎么使用
鱼缸开缸养水步骤:
1、消毒
不管新缸还是老缸,水都需要消毒,新缸比老缸多了一个步骤,就是要在缸粘好之后放7天,去除缸里的玻璃胶味道,老缸就可以直接放水了。浸泡1-2个小时之后就可以了,把缸里的水放干净,整体用清水清洗干净,刷洗干净,滤材也要反复清水冲洗,直到把高锰酸钾完全冲掉。
2、泡缸
泡缸主要是用缸里的水来带走玻璃胶的味道和新水族箱内的味道,也可以用来试水,看看经过24小时的完全浸泡缸会不会漏水。一般我们放满缸水,浸泡24小时就好了。
3、缸内曝气
一缸新水入内,养水第一天不开过滤系统,加热系统还有灯,单纯的开启氧气泵,24小时不间断打氧,看着缸内水翻腾,氧气要足,氧气泵开到最大。
4、温度及过滤开启
水经过一天的曝气,可以开加热棒和过滤系统了,记住水温要调节到养鱼的最佳温度,以后就不动了,具体问题和加热棒的瓦数要看缸的大小与所饲养鱼的需要而定。
5、硝化细菌的添加
水的温度已经上来了,这个时候缸内的水有些浑浊,就可以添加硝化细菌了。氧气泵不要间断,保证充足的氧气给予硝化细菌使用,提高存活率。
6、加入闯缸鱼我们需要观察水质是否可以养鱼和测试缸里氨的浓度,所以需要放闯缸鱼。
7、开缸成功
水慢慢的变浑浊,然后从浑浊慢慢的变清,这个过程大概需要7-10天的时间,期间闯缸鱼会死亡。坚持3天换水五分之一,补充新水进去,而且硝化细菌在换水的时候进行添加补充。直到水变清澈,整个硝化细菌稳定下来需要1个月的时间,但是10天左右水变清了,就可以放自己喜欢的鱼了。
9. 时尚水族鱼缸XQ380A
阳台是居住者接受光照,吸收新鲜空气,进行户外锻炼、观赏、纳凉、晾晒衣物的场所。阳台装修也是家庭装修中一个不可缺少的部分,虽然阳台只是一套房中极小的一个空间,但是装修注意事项也不少,下面就来看看如何装修阳台,让其物尽其用。
功能设计
首先,在装修阳台之前,我们要提前规划好阳台的功能。阳台要承担的功能,要提前思考清楚,比如阳台是否需要拆改等,如想在阳台洗衣,那么要提前思考排水和电路,若想在阳台收纳物品,需提前定制柜子,若想要种植绿植,要规划好位置。清楚阳台承担的功能,提前做好规划,才能更顺利合理地开展设计。
洗衣
如果阳台摆放了洗衣机、设计了盥洗台的话,就必须要注意阳台的防水排水问题,否则很容易会造成积水、渗漏等情况。所以在装修阳台时要注意做好防水,做好排水系统,这样后期使用过程中才能不出现问题,保障阳台正常使用。
同时,如果阳台放置洗衣机等电器,电路应预留3-4个电位,使用三插头以防功率过大而跳闸,使用房间性插座或者防水盒,龙头、灶台或如有浴缸其上方包括煤气表周围20CM不应有插座。
在设置洗衣机的基础上,还可设计阳台柜,增加阳台的功能性。设计一个内嵌式的阳台柜,把洗衣机嵌入其中,这样既可以省下更多的阳台空间,也不会让洗衣机破坏阳台的整体美感。可以增加一个上下柜来增加阳台空间的收纳功能,中间还能增加洗手台和置物平台,让阳台空间得到完全利用。
关于洗衣机的排水的做法基本上就两种方法,其中第一种更实用。
连接地漏管
大部分的阳台本身是带有地漏或者是排水口的,这时我们可以将洗衣机的排水和与地漏管道的连接。
具体操作如下:先把地漏周围的找平层打掉,然后重新接一根排水管到洗衣池下面,用于洗衣池排水。在洗衣池下面接一个三通出来,作为洗衣机的下水。然后在新接到洗衣池的排水管中间位置,会另外接一个斜三通,作为地漏的排水,要保证地漏出水口与下水管道充分连接。
在地面回填的时候,下水铺地砖要比阳台的门槛石位置要低一些,或者把地面抬高一点,也使下水管的坡度更大一点,以防洗衣机的溢水或脱管,造成水流往客厅里面走。
这样做的优点是让洗手池和洗衣机共用下水,即使地漏溢水,也可有力的排水,T字型地漏防臭下水快,是不错的选择。缺点是当洗衣机排水较大的时候,会发生脱管的现象。同时记得做好防水层,以防造成漏水。关于防水层的做法会在下文给出。
竖管排水
如果是竖管的排水,也可以用三通直接共用下水,这种做法的好处是水流再大也不会溢水,缺点是不是太美观。
但遇到臭味的情况,我们可以用专门用来填充地漏(竖管)和洗衣机排水管之间的缝隙(可以选择地漏专用接头或竖管专用接头)防止反味,因为是硅胶材质,比较软,能让地漏和排水管之间卡得更死。
阳台没有排水口的情况
当阳台没有地漏排水的时候,我们就得想办法将洗衣机的水引到其他的排水管道中,最好是距离较近的厨房或者浴室的排水管都可以。
如果太远的话,在实际操作的时候会有苦难,因为下水管一般都是用PVC材质的,中途出现漏水是有可能的。还有一点,下水管的距离过长的话,不好控制排水的坡度,在使用的过程中,会在管道里沉淀污渍,家里会有酸臭味。
选好较近的排水管道后,我们在墙上打孔、走高管道将阳台的排水管接入。这样操作的工程量要比连接地漏的麻烦,价格也要高,但是也是无奈之举。
种植
喜欢绿植的还可以在阳台做“空中花园”,可以在栏杆上准备一些花架,虽然省点地方,但危险性还是有的,自己还是要经常检查的。用置物架或者长条凳,都是可以用来摆放绿植的,但同时也要注意绿植的重量,阳台的承重还是有限度的。
休闲
阳台具有开阔的视野和可以令人放松的空间,还可以用隔板做一个“吧台”,就可以在上面喝喝茶或者喝喝酒。哪怕只是放一张舒适的凳子,靠着看看窗外的风景就很舒服了。
在设想好阳台所需的功能后,我们就可以根据户型来进行装修,分为半封闭式阳台和封闭式阳台。
半封闭式阳台
半封闭式阳台是建筑物从室内往外的一个延伸,是居住者们可以呼吸到新鲜的空气、晾晒衣物以及养殖盆栽的地方,在设计时设计师既要按照我们喜爱的风格来设计,又得考虑到我们平时日常生活时的实用性。选择半封闭阳台,可以较好地感受阳光及新鲜空气,还可以将其打造成半开放式的锻炼区域,半封闭阳台的样式一般分为悬挂式、嵌入式以及转角式三类,同时半封闭式阳台装修要注意以下几点:
防水排水
由于阳台的非全封闭特性,日常的风霜雨雪都会对阳台造成侵蚀,因此,在为半封闭阳台选购建材时,需要重点考虑建材的抗冻、防水性能,最好购买阳台、露台专用的瓷砖、文化石来进行铺装,以期达到最佳的效果。 下面介绍阳台防水和排水的具体做法:
基层清理
在进行阳台防水材料铺设之前,第一步就是需要对铺设的基层进行清理,将基层表面松散混凝土、砂浆用毛刷清理干净,凸出的水泥砂浆硬块、大块杂质用铲子清理干净,然后再用毛刷清理细小的杂质。
防水材料
阳台面积小,有地漏口,经常暴晒在阳光下,应选择抗拉强度高、延伸率大、耐老化好的防水材料。阳台可以选择好一点的纳米渗透防水涂料或高分子防水涂料,开放式阳台也可以选择丙烯酸防水涂料。
丙烯酸防水材料:无色无味,是通过材料的结膜来达到防水目的的,它具有很好的延展性和弹性,也是一种很好的防水材料。这类材料的造价比较高,但就保证阳台防水性能来说是较好的选择。
聚合物高分子防水材料:同样具有较好的延展性和弹性,也没有任何颜色和味道,十分具有环保性,但是它也有缺点,它不能与任何物品发生碰撞,否则会导致防水膜破裂而漏水,并且这类防水材料的价格也比较高。
防水层高度、厚度
一般情况下,阳台四周墙体防水涂层涂刷的高度应≥30cm,放置洗衣机的墙面,涂刷高度应≥1m。另一方面,防水涂层厚度至少要达到国家验收规范的1.5mm厚。
地面坡度
阳台做防水一定要将地面设计成有一定的坡度,目的是防止雨水灌入室内。设计阳台时,把排水口设置在低的一边,并确保阳台和客厅或卧室的地面至少要有2~3公分的高度差,即阳台地面应低于室内楼层地面30~60毫米,向排水方向作平缓斜坡,外缘设挡水边坎,将水导入雨水管排出,保证水不会流到室内。
排水地漏
既然阳台是半封闭的,那么在装修时就一定要考虑到排水的问题。通常此类阳台本身是带有专用排水口的,在装修时要注意保护排水口的畅通,并在铺装阳台地面时如上文所述留下适当的排水坡度,使阳台排水更加顺畅。
使用排水量大且防返味儿的地漏。尤其是开放式阳台,一定要选择排量大的地漏,否则就会出现当雨量大于地漏的排水能力时,阳台地面形成积水甚至漫入室内的情况。另外,阳台地漏防反味儿也非常必要。
实用性
阳台的实用性主要体现在观景、展示、收纳等几个方面,但是半封闭阳台的功能性是无法与全封闭阳台相比的,不可能具有良好的收纳功能。因此,在设计半封闭阳台时,应该着重考虑阳台的观景、展示与休闲功能,从而保证半封闭阳台的实用性。
封闭式阳台
封闭式阳台则与半封闭式不同,使用窗户将阳台封住,可以实现多种功能的设计。
延伸
既然是封闭式阳台,代表不会受天气的影响,不论是木地板或无接缝地面都能将其向阳台延伸,不会因下雨或台风而让地板材质受损。这样不仅能让阳台有个舒适的踩踏感受,还能同时扩大阳台和室内的空间视觉,有种将阳台空间纳入室内的错觉,使的空间更加放大。即便没有多余的装修或装饰,只要将地面延伸,直接为家里增加几平方米。
采光
不管原先是封闭式阳台还是开放式阳台,都可以试着将上方加装或改为采光罩,这样不但可以遮雨挡风,还能保留良好的采光,并让采光能随时延伸进室内,不用担心下雨就得紧闭室内门窗。若喜欢种植植栽,还能变成现成的温室,让植物能有好的生长环境,也能较容易控制水量和日照,让家里有更多绿意点缀。
休闲
封闭式阳台能在好天气时揽进丰富的日光,雨天时又不会落雨进来,喜欢阅读或欣赏风景的人,就最适合这种封闭式阳台啦!不妨在阳台摆张单椅和茶几,打造休憩小天地。若喜欢在阳光的沐浴下阅读的人,或家中空间狭小,无法拥有书房空间的,也能在阳台摆张书桌椅,直接在这边办公或阅读,甚至可以摆个书柜,增加收纳功能,一点也不输一般的书房空间。
收纳
根据阳台功用的不同,收纳方式也有所不同,比如在转角处设置小小的卧榻的话,可以作为接受阳光洗礼的小天地,也不用担心下雨淋湿卧榻坐垫等,更能舒舒服服的享受阳台空间。卧榻的下方还能增设抽屉,增加阳台的收纳功能,又不影响室内居家空间。
那么下面就分享一些各个不同功用的收纳方式。
做好空间功能划分
做收纳的第一要义是规划而非整理。阳台这个空间比较特殊,在做收纳之前,要进行收纳区域的划分。想清楚这个空间需要哪些功能的延伸,是只讲究实用性,还是实用与美观兼具,考虑好后再着手设计。
对于大多数家庭来说,阳台可以分为洗衣区、晾衣区、绿植区以及休闲区四大功能区域,针对这些功能来进行收纳建议。
洗衣区
如果家里面积有限,把洗衣机挪到阳台上来,无疑是既节省空间又缩短晾衣动线的明智之举。而除了存放洗衣机,洗衣区还可以收纳清洁用品等各种杂物。
1、洗衣收纳组合柜
上面装一排吊柜,下面一侧放洗衣机烘干机,另一侧是水池和地柜,杂物通通放到柜子里,眼不见为净。
2、通顶大柜子
小户型家中收纳太少,还可考虑做一整面的通顶大柜子,除了放洗衣机,很多生活杂物都有收纳空间啦。
3、阳台收纳架
阳台收纳架足够收纳你的各类杂物了,简洁实用还不影响空间通透性,性价比首选。
晾衣区
1、设置可伸缩晾衣架
若想让阳台兼具休闲功能,衣服晾在阳台上肯定会有诸多不便。那么利用可伸缩衣架向外扩展空间是个不错的选择。担心下雨衣服淋湿的话,屋檐上方搭个雨棚就能完美解决这个问题啦。
2、落地可移动晾衣架
这种带滚轮的落地式衣架很适合,比升降式衣架颜值高且更方便省力,晾干后直接拉回家,不占用阳台空间,也不会遮挡视线。
3、用烘干机代替晾衣区
如果觉得晾了衣服阳台就做不了其他事,最彻底的方法还是用烘干机。
绿植区
很多人爱在阳台养些花花草草,没事浇浇水松松土,让这个角落成为家中最有生机的地方。可眼看着阳台上的花花草草越来越多却无处安放,也是让人头疼。
1、多层置物架
阳台绿植超过20盆以上,是时候用上多层置物架了,特别是多肉爱好者们,这种多层置物架和形态各异的多肉堪称完美CP。
2、小推车
置物架不够用了,还可以搭配一个小推车,存放点花肥、养花小工具之类的。
3、墙上花架、搁板
阳台太小的话,还可以利用墙面空间装些小花架、置物架,看上去也是文艺感满满。
4、空中植物悬挂大法
一些体积小重量轻的植物,还可以自己动手DIY,搭配几个挂钩,既省钱又有创意,还节省了很多空间,阳台的逼格一下子提升了不少。
休闲区
不管是开放式阳台还是封闭式阳台,最大的利用价值莫过于打造成休闲区。家再小生活再累,在这个角落喝喝茶看看风景,足以拂去一身疲惫。
1、折叠桌椅
最简单又不占空间的方式,就是一套折叠桌椅了,天气好的时候在这里吃个早餐赏赏风景,不用的时候还可以收起来放在角落里。
2、榻榻米
阳台可以装榻榻米,地台可以做成抽屉增加收纳空间,阳台榻榻米可以看书喝下午茶,也是练瑜伽、小憩的绝佳去处。
墙面
此外,任何一面空白墙都有其利用价值。
在墙面上安装置物板,用来收纳各种物品和摆件,整齐有序地排列能让墙面看起来整洁美观,还能增加这个区域的趣味性,让它显得不那么单调。
当平面空间有限时,也可以选择增加挂钩的方式,用来收纳一些晾衣物品以及日常清洁用品,如此来就显得井井有条。
若是担心挂钩会伤害原有的墙面,可以试试铁艺网,虽是小小的网格,但却有大大的作用,可以收纳一切你想要收纳的小物。
注意事项
不管是封闭式还是半封闭式,都有一些注意事项,例如:
封装
阳台封装质量是阳台装修中的关键,要注意它的抗风力,安装要牢固。要做好密封,否则透风撒气的等于没封。窗扇下口最容易渗水,一般是窗框下预留2厘米间隙,用专用密封剂或用水泥填死有窗台的,要向外作流水坡。
此外封闭式阳台的封装要格外注意:
1、征得物业同意
业主要特别注意封阳台必须征得小区物业管理部门的同意。如果住户没有征得小区物业管理部门的许可就封装阳台,很可能遭到处罚并要求修复。
2、封阳台前要了解阳台的承重结构
有些结构,例如半墙+窗的结构一般都是不允许拆除的,有些半墙是配重墙,如果拆除,阳台可能存在下沉断裂的可能。
3、不同阳台封装方式不同
阳台一般分为凹阳台、凸阳台和复合型阳台三种。
凸阳台和复合型阳台的承重能力都不太好,不能在阳台放太多东西,因此也会有物业规定阳台不得做储物间用。这两种阳台如果封就需要封闭三个面,需要打立柱起到支撑固定作用。
凹阳台有立柱,两侧都是承重墙,封阳台的样式就是一字式阳台,只要封闭一个面既可。
4、封装后要做好阳台防水
如果阳台只用来当做休闲区、书房等,那原本的防水就足够了。但是如果用来当洗衣区、花房、餐厨区、甚至放浴缸的话,还是有必要再做一次防水的,不然有可能会存在漏水问题~
建议选择以防滑地砖,如果要安放洗衣机、拖把池等保洁设施,墙面也应该铺贴瓷砖。其他防水相关可以参考前文关于半封闭式阳台的防水排水,两者是通用的。
5.要关注窗户和玻璃的材质选择
封阳台的窗户和玻璃的选择花样繁多,除了样式,家用封装更应要考虑隔音、保温、透光和安全的问题。
窗户的材质首选断桥铝,玻璃首选双层夹胶玻璃,夏天隔热冬天保温,而且隔音效果也不错,总的来说性价比高。
同时需注意封闭阳台铝窗的立框和横框一定要固定在阳台的护栏和顶部,用射钉和拉铆钉固定在混凝土内,再用涂漆的角钢加固。不能固定在砖墙上,更不能用木楔上下顶住立框,代替射钉枪固定。
6.做好验收
阳台封装好以后,看起来是密闭了,但是其实还是需要仔细验收的,否则后续入住会出现许多问题。着重需要关注以下几个方面:
玻璃
首先看玻璃是否透亮整洁无气泡无划痕,从侧面看无明显波纹,安装的玻璃对楼层低的人家采光尤其重要。另外,磨砂玻璃注意磨砂面朝内,下雨天磨砂见水就会变透明的。
框架
其次是看窗扇推拉是否顺畅,大多情况下是取决于框架是否横平竖直,带把直角尺或者矿泉水,看看是否和水在同一水平上。
立柱位置
带转角的阳台一般会用到转角立柱,立柱位置应适中,太进说明尺寸测量的不够精准,太出容易有雨水从立柱渗进阳台内,造成漏水。
配件
可着重检查锁是否有弹力,锁具的外观是否美观,做工精细;滑轮是否滑动顺畅等。
隔热
在装修封闭式阳台时,还需要注意隔热,阳台外保温层开发商在建房时就已经做好,内保温不一定每个开发商都配备。这边简要阐述一下内保温层的做法:在挤塑板的外立面做轻钢龙骨,然后贴几层石膏板,做防锈防裂处理,之后刮腻子,打磨平整后刷涂耐擦洗性能好的涂料即可。
安全
大多数住宅的阳台并不是为了承重而设计的,通常每平方米的承重不超过400千克。因此在装修阳台时要了解它的承重,装修储物都不能超过其荷载,尽量少放过重的家具,以免造成危险。
居室和阳台之间有一道墙,墙上的门连窗可以拆除,窗下半墙绝对不能拆,它在建筑结构上“配重墙”,起着支撑阳台的作用,如拆除就会严重影响阳台的安全,甚至会造成阳台坍塌,封阳台时尽量不要为了多扩点空间而将阳台探出一截,这样不仅危险,而且不美观,物业管理部门也不允许。
同时,为安全着想,半封闭式阳台在装修时,需要保证阳台的高度达到105cm,同时材料结实安装合格,减少安全隐患的遗留。
栏杆
阳台栏杆也是阳台安全的重要一环,无论是半封闭式还是全封闭式,都要加上栏杆,从建筑高度的角度来讲,建筑物高度高于24米,阳台护栏高度要不低于1.1米,建筑物高度低于24米,阳台护栏高度不低于1.05米。从建筑楼层的角度来讲,六层及以下的楼层应不低于1.05米,六层以上不低于1.1米;高层建筑应不低于1.2米。
栏杆的选择有以下几种材料:
1.铁艺护栏
铁艺护栏从很早就开始流行了,因为它比较古老,变化多端,但是容易生锈,阴雨比较多的地区,这种护栏很不适用,而且随着现代建筑的推广,铁艺阳台栏杆的使用在逐渐的减少,这是必然的发展趋势。
2.防腐木护栏
对于高档住宅区和别墅来说,它是一种不错的护栏材质的选择,而且起到很好的装饰作用,木质护栏特别有质感,体现出品味和档次,普通住宅运用的就相对较少了,但是防腐木的强度一般,而且样式比较单一,久了之后很容易开裂和褪色。
3.不锈钢护栏
不锈钢的阳台护栏样式比较单调,可用的色彩又很少,这种材质通常有两种型号202和304,沿海地区会选择用304的,而内陆地区会用202的,因为沿海雨水比较多,比较潮湿,202的容易生锈。
4.铝合金护栏
铝合金材质的护栏价格相对较高,表面喷涂以后,不会锈蚀,而且质量轻抗冲击,所以安全性很高,但是很容易划伤,维修起来成本较高。
5.锌钢护栏
这种是采用锌合金材料制作的,而且颜色比较多样,款式也多,高强度,性能比较好,很多小区都用它来装饰阳台。由于传统阳台护栏使用铁条和铝合金材料,而且需要电焊工艺,生产的产品硬度不高,容易锈蚀,而它对于这些问题都能够解决,价格又比较实惠,所以是比较好的一种材质。
金刚网
尤其是家里有老人和小孩的,阳台没有做安全措施,容易发生高空坠落的危险。且若只做隐形防护网的话也有小孩坠落的风险,有小孩的家庭还是建议做封闭式阳台。这边推荐一个金刚网,本质就是一个不锈钢的纱窗,装在窗户的外边,选用60mm以上的规格即可。
材料
选用合适的装修材料,提高阳台的颜值。地面和墙面采用瓷砖来铺设,不仅能保护阳台,而且不同风格、材质的瓷砖,会带给阳台不一样的美感。如灰色系的瓷砖,时尚而低调,能给阳台带来一丝丝安静的氛围;
而白色调的瓷砖,则能让阳台感觉上更干净,空间更显大更敞亮。
一个有颜有品的阳台,不仅仅是晾晒衣服的地方,更是整个家的延伸,能带给你更好的生活体验,带来更多的方便!家里装修各个空间都可以进行设计规划,这样的话打造出来的效果才能更美丽更美观。 以上就是如何装修阳台的几项建议,希望能有所帮助。
%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"阳台是居住者接受光照,吸收新鲜空气,进行户外锻炼、观赏、纳凉、晾晒衣物的场所。阳台装修也是家庭装修中一个不可缺少的部分,虽然阳台只是一套房中极小的一个空间,但是装修注意事项也不少,下面就来看看如何装修阳台,让其物尽其用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuwkcI6SQWKEecr21NELw7f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"功能设计","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnauucGC08aCYQovbmFSmNbf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"首先,在装修阳台之前,我们要提前规划好阳台的功能。阳台要承担的功能,要提前思考清楚,比如阳台是否需要拆改等,如想在阳台洗衣,那么要提前思考排水和电路,若想在阳台收纳物品,需提前定制柜子,若想要种植绿植,要规划好位置。清楚阳台承担的功能,提前做好规划,才能更顺利合理地开展设计。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCu2wwYkuo2kGAngzUBamte"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"洗衣","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngKkyIoqI6Oc82dycs4S9Wg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果阳台摆放了洗衣机、设计了盥洗台的话,就必须要注意阳台的防水排水问题,否则很容易会造成积水、渗漏等情况。所以在装修阳台时要注意做好防水,做好排水系统,这样后期使用过程中才能不出现问题,保障阳台正常使用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6qsU0yEYwAiM4wbecZnEgf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"同时,如果阳台放置洗衣机等电器,电路应预留3-4个电位,使用三插头以防功率过大而跳闸,使用房间性插座或者防水盒,龙头、灶台或如有浴缸其上方包括煤气表周围20CM不应有插座。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsOgaCEK26mWY63XDDeW3Ud"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在设置洗衣机的基础上,还可设计阳台柜,增加阳台的功能性。设计一个内嵌式的阳台柜,把洗衣机嵌入其中,这样既可以省下更多的阳台空间,也不会让洗衣机破坏阳台的整体美感。可以增加一个上下柜来增加阳台空间的收纳功能,中间还能增加洗手台和置物平台,让阳台空间得到完全利用。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqysOC2iiQcC2spnFn2cq6g"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":624,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"洗衣","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f06a92e83d83474aa669d3fbd9acd273","width":942},"text":"","id":"doxcnuEmC0ws4MkecYJF7XIYtTe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"关于洗衣机的排水的做法基本上就两种方法,其中第一种更实用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaIKu2qaQ8aS8QDgfcFgWMf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"连接地漏管","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnG02yCwkkMKg0YNG7FXjMjc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"大部分的阳台本身是带有地漏或者是排水口的,这时我们可以将洗衣机的排水和与地漏管道的连接。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSmye0acWsqOMWCxIjjL8Bb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"具体操作如下:先把地漏周围的找平层打掉,然后重新接一根排水管到洗衣池下面,用于洗衣池排水。在洗衣池下面接一个三通出来,作为洗衣机的下水。然后在新接到洗衣池的排水管中间位置,会另外接一个斜三通,作为地漏的排水,要保证地漏出水口与下水管道充分连接。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8iEAoCIooaCsSODTuyUBDc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":483,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"连接地漏管","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a538c57f40004308a72ce81f440d54b5","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnsqU2kMMg4uUsyUDELj9Y2g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在地面回填的时候,下水铺地砖要比阳台的门槛石位置要低一些,或者把地面抬高一点,也使下水管的坡度更大一点,以防洗衣机的溢水或脱管,造成水流往客厅里面走。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnM28kkWEgIiy0Ads8gUeJtc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这样做的优点是让洗手池和洗衣机共用下水,即使地漏溢水,也可有力的排水,T字型地漏防臭下水快,是不错的选择。缺点是当洗衣机排水较大的时候,会发生脱管的现象。同时记得做好防水层,以防造成漏水。关于防水层的做法会在下文给出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOOaGgA42swcY6QY2kH4tHf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"竖管排水","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA82Wu6gmgKcm2Vq4hcUY2c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果是竖管的排水,也可以用三通直接共用下水,这种做法的好处是水流再大也不会溢水,缺点是不是太美观。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKkY8weq2qSgKw9Nr0nBQah"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":418,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"竖管排水","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4f662694b2ac4a309234b82cf190f6b1","width":653},"text":"","id":"doxcngM4IsesMGI24WklfyO8zKh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"但遇到臭味的情况,我们可以用专门用来填充地漏(竖管)和洗衣机排水管之间的缝隙(可以选择地漏专用接头或竖管专用接头)防止反味,因为是硅胶材质,比较软,能让地漏和排水管之间卡得更死。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncmoo0CuUy40UUHBYN2lsKb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"阳台没有排水口的情况","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn64YUqMaK4UUUQDiBoVeNYd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当阳台没有地漏排水的时候,我们就得想办法将洗衣机的水引到其他的排水管道中,最好是距离较近的厨房或者浴室的排水管都可以。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsImmmekEgseokjeiWDMkTb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果太远的话,在实际操作的时候会有苦难,因为下水管一般都是用PVC材质的,中途出现漏水是有可能的。还有一点,下水管的距离过长的话,不好控制排水的坡度,在使用的过程中,会在管道里沉淀污渍,家里会有酸臭味。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6YoAEaK60Usi4AdJP4ejQe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选好较近的排水管道后,我们在墙上打孔、走高管道将阳台的排水管接入。这样操作的工程量要比连接地漏的麻烦,价格也要高,但是也是无奈之举。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWQ02IiowsYk0uUT8bwSRbc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"种植","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnm0iMI0OsM4IeOj759lLSej"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"喜欢绿植的还可以在阳台做“空中花园”,可以在栏杆上准备一些花架,虽然省点地方,但危险性还是有的,自己还是要经常检查的。用置物架或者长条凳,都是可以用来摆放绿植的,但同时也要注意绿植的重量,阳台的承重还是有限度的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE80a2ekcusIIxNUBNyDPdP"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"种植","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c3b22c00470d4c5ea81bec0ce4f41d0a","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcn4E4Kw4cE0GMKyHdFLBsEdt"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"休闲","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYMua2UQ4mms6aEJiR40zSe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"阳台具有开阔的视野和可以令人放松的空间,还可以用隔板做一个“吧台”,就可以在上面喝喝茶或者喝喝酒。哪怕只是放一张舒适的凳子,靠着看看窗外的风景就很舒服了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0s8uOYEgSowWeWHaVsFJUc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"休闲","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b0b9ac02daf94f208978ecae8b381dd0","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcnAuWmqg48WMOAKS5ionKMre"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在设想好阳台所需的功能后,我们就可以根据户型来进行装修,分为半封闭式阳台和封闭式阳台。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ2I22mmooKWSw7k6qxuq5e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"半封闭式阳台","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoA0iGqGM6iqM6soADHKqzf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"半封闭式阳台是建筑物从室内往外的一个延伸,是","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"居住者们","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"可以","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"呼吸到","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"新鲜的空气、晾晒衣物以及养殖盆栽的地方,在设计时设计师既要按照我们喜爱的风格来设计,又得考虑到我们平时日常生活时的实用性。选择","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"半封闭阳台,可以较好地感受阳光及新鲜空气","id":""},{"type":"text","text":",还可以将其打造成半开放式的锻炼区域,半封闭阳台的样式一般分为悬挂式、嵌入式以及转角式三类,同时半封闭式阳台装修要注意以下几点:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEKakmGQSEWqKm0PftgdUcd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"防水排水","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqW2Mww2oaWwGV9RsQ7ALwL"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"由于阳台的非全封闭特性,日常的风霜雨雪都会对阳台造成侵蚀,因此,在为半封闭阳台选购建材时,需要重点考虑建材的抗冻、防水性能,最好购买阳台、露台专用的瓷砖、文化石来进行铺装,以期达到最佳的效果。 下面介绍阳台防水和排水的具体做法:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOiUiiQcuG6MSEhKaFys4Xg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"基层清理","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4m4KQE6MgOmstRJKuP7GFC"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在进行阳台防水材料铺设之前,第一步就是需要对铺设的基层进行清理,将基层表面松散混凝土、砂浆用毛刷清理干净,凸出的水泥砂浆硬块、大块杂质用铲子清理干净,然后再用毛刷清理细小的杂质。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAqwECyacueW6QVLaKln1Xe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"防水材料","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnU4aQowUiiMkA2EZ5fnvMkb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"阳台面积小,有地漏口,经常暴晒在阳光下,应选择抗拉强度高、延伸率大、耐老化好的防水材料。阳台可以选择好一点的纳米渗透防水涂料或高分子防水涂料,开放式阳台也可以选择丙烯酸防水涂料。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneYgwOqMEGwscK0RXIXjUFg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"防水材料","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1a0bcf4981214df6a437ef81e035402e","width":800},"text":"","id":"doxcnwOiaeieGAQeeuk6ZZiTWCd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"丙烯酸防水材料:无色无味,是通过材料的结膜来达到防水目的的,它具有很好的延展性和弹性,也是一种很好的防水材料。这类材料的造价比较高,但就保证阳台防水性能来说是较好的选择。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGOww4iWeeOuQCafGU9dZUg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"聚合物高分子防水材料:同样具有较好的延展性和弹性,也没有任何颜色和味道,十分具有环保性,但是它也有缺点,它不能与任何物品发生碰撞,否则会导致防水膜破裂而漏水,并且这类防水材料的价格也比较高。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE6gems2q024cOKQxrEYDzh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"防水层高度、厚度","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniM0Cm6K6cSGuqG3yKxmCtc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一般情况下,阳台四周墙体防水涂层涂刷的高度应≥30cm,放置洗衣机的墙面,涂刷高度应≥1m。另一方面,防水涂层厚度至少要达到国家验收规范的1.5mm厚。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAGIWMyWOQMUSof55BgYGxg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":438,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"防水层高度、厚度","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/53e1c0186aa04dd29c2eff159df03b90","width":687},"text":"","id":"doxcn8wyee6Q2K4kSL1qHv4IQg3"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"地面坡度","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn80kie8ues4cm8PXHS9mQKd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"阳台做防水一定要将地面设计成有一定的坡度,目的是防止雨水灌入室内。设计阳台时,把排水口设置在低的一边,并确保阳台和客厅或卧室的地面至少要有2~3公分的高度差,即阳台地面应低于室内楼层地面30~60毫米,向排水方向作平缓斜坡,外缘设挡水边坎,将水导入雨水管排出,保证水不会流到室内。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni4qoiUEwcEiSAB99USvXfg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":375,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"地面坡度","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c6d242ed54ab4c8a80a851fe5bcb79ed","width":500},"text":"","id":"doxcnCaGMwYYG6MEmu9B9daFjkb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"排水地漏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMI8S6aOwIYGkcuhezck6nb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"既然阳台是半封闭的,那么在装修时就一定要考虑到排水的问题。通常此类阳台本身是带有专用排水口的,在装修时要注意保护排水口的畅通,并在铺装阳台地面时如上文所述留下适当的排水坡度,使阳台排水更加顺畅。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8UI8syEqkKYWqk1sGT8MPf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用排水量大且防返味儿的地漏。尤其是开放式阳台,一定要选择排量大的地漏,否则就会出现当雨量大于地漏的排水能力时,阳台地面形成积水甚至漫入室内的情况。另外,阳台地漏防反味儿也非常必要。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaWgmy62AigiME3AZtsVsTc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":319,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"排水地漏","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/632f4e2c021247f4bcb02f7209dd0c08","width":670},"text":"","id":"doxcnQQc4Meak2Yg0MLhv1sRkmh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"实用性","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwsIEAaM8a4MiaI1QgPCdbh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"阳台的实用性主要体现在观景、展示、收纳等几个方面,但是半封闭阳台的功能性是无法与全封闭阳台相比的,不可能具有良好的收纳功能。因此,在设计半封闭阳台时,应该着重考虑阳台的观景、展示与休闲功能,从而保证半封闭阳台的实用性。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn244sWYOoI2oIS0ti8bzDrf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"实用性","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2478c9d2c3314e239a0b8756c5e42859","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcngK0GImEEEU6kqw5eGUHODd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"封闭式阳台","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4EO0wy6AeIKCIXM1gwD68g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"封闭式阳台则与半封闭式不同,使用窗户将阳台封住,可以实现多种功能的设计。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnISYY24oI0a0MElVgeGXiAO"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"延伸","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAO2Q44uOukmyMDFJeQKIwg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"既然是封闭式阳台,代表不会受天气的影响,不论是木地板或无接缝地面都能将其向阳台延伸,不会因下雨或台风而让地板材质受损。这样不仅能让阳台有个舒适的踩踏感受,还能同时扩大阳台和室内的空间视觉,有种将阳台空间纳入室内的错觉,使的空间更加放大。即便没有多余的装修或装饰,只要将地面延伸,直接为家里增加几平方米。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOUggEo20AyCqk5opBbEVkF"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"采光","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWMO8CmsycSw8s3NcTHLPRb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"不管原先是封闭式阳台还是开放式阳台,都可以试着将上方加装或改为采光罩,这样不但可以遮雨挡风,还能保留良好的采光,并让采光能随时延伸进室内,不用担心下雨就得紧闭室内门窗。若喜欢种植植栽,还能变成现成的温室,让植物能有好的生长环境,也能较容易控制水量和日照,让家里有更多绿意点缀。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwg04oYucOm8IY58u0lYhjd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":587,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"采光","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b8ac2e94edd5400bbf46e38b6f6b779a","width":942},"text":"","id":"doxcnkSgSWIM2KEy2A9EoLOx9Ne"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"休闲","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnugi0CSuiEyMOoXPSUO6chh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"封闭式阳台能在好天气时揽进丰富的日光,雨天时又不会落雨进来,喜欢阅读或欣赏风景的人,就最适合这种封闭式阳台啦!不妨在阳台摆张单椅和茶几,打造休憩小天地。若喜欢在阳光的沐浴下阅读的人,或家中空间狭小,无法拥有书房空间的,也能在阳台摆张书桌椅,直接在这边办公或阅读,甚至可以摆个书柜,增加收纳功能,一点也不输一般的书房空间。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8awUCEGogiksIJh20PcoVb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":584,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"休闲","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cb9383ae7d6546cd96256b2269aeeabe","width":942},"text":"","id":"doxcnme6iwIIQOgGGCSpm5PgJuh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"收纳","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnG0aoGQcouIg4ece8vLpXhg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"根据阳台功用的不同,收纳方式也有所不同,比如在转角处设置小小的卧榻的话,可以作为接受阳光洗礼的小天地,也不用担心下雨淋湿卧榻坐垫等,更能舒舒服服的享受阳台空间。卧榻的下方还能增设抽屉,增加阳台的收纳功能,又不影响室内居家空间。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKO86WcGUIQkwkJteU3jfOh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"那么下面就分享一些各个不同功用的收纳方式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8QGSC4cg6sKA4UHcafgs8e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"做好空间功能划分","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYcMusAmqwS08W8UA86lSCd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"做收纳的第一要义是规划而非整理。阳台这个空间比较特殊,在做收纳之前,要进行收纳区域的划分。想清楚这个空间需要哪些功能的延伸,是只讲究实用性,还是实用与美观兼具,考虑好后再着手设计。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmw8wUeMMy4GwCufrHx5vWh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对于大多数家庭来说,阳台可以分为洗衣区、晾衣区、绿植区以及休闲区四大功能区域,针对这些功能来进行收纳建议。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyOwysA0gm8isKc8ZVgsHce"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"洗衣区","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWiY8UaoOio2KuGZI0aCTkd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果家里面积有限,把洗衣机挪到阳台上来,无疑是既节省空间又缩短晾衣动线的明智之举。而除了存放洗衣机,洗衣区还可以收纳清洁用品等各种杂物。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0qIA2KyIi26esH2J9pAIGf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、洗衣收纳组合柜","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniY4okyEM2kGWkfUq6KIwMc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"上面装一排吊柜,下面一侧放洗衣机烘干机,另一侧是水池和地柜,杂物通通放到柜子里,眼不见为净。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0eWQ2aOgq0ie8Vr4QcQqMG"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":476,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"洗衣区","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8d1ff8541043433a927eefe02ecbb8d4","width":634},"text":"","id":"doxcnGsuwksiESM0EYRprIYKK31"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、通顶大柜子","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncoU4gOWw2emsMpEnnUl1He"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"小户型家中收纳太少,还可考虑做一整面的通顶大柜子,除了放洗衣机,很多生活杂物都有收纳空间啦。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMGEQ0coEQ88sWzXLBz19mb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":434,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"洗衣区","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5cb26a52ca3945968de4aacf43832629","width":652},"text":"","id":"doxcnQMg0CoI2eAEOuym4KOq4cc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、阳台收纳架","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncsGcAw80cyMkCsUCPs0qlh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"阳台收纳架足够收纳你的各类杂物了,简洁实用还不影响空间通透性,性价比首选。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsSgkqgwkoaqY0Agbhavegh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":419,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"洗衣区","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cdc0c5a09d7f4f168afed08976cdd201","width":658},"text":"","id":"doxcnU6AkoUIMsEag8NWkI7BwQe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"晾衣区","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqYWScu4AgMmI8hwJWKzHUg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、设置可伸缩晾衣架","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSEu44eyaAsSSIXMJf8MoNg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"若想让阳台兼具休闲功能,衣服晾在阳台上肯定会有诸多不便。那么利用可伸缩衣架向外扩展空间是个不错的选择。担心下雨衣服淋湿的话,屋檐上方搭个雨棚就能完美解决这个问题啦。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncI6o8geyyc6gmalDjcFAUc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":380,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"晾衣区","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/01234d5fb8b54e5ba991e70314dd002d","width":549},"text":"","id":"doxcnWec0WgOmAQWs4pMrgTUN0r"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、落地可移动晾衣架","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngiqmy48KWskIOgnGatxVuc"},{"type":"paragraph","ch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th":558},"text":"","id":"doxcnyWWGSKeuO844E5vY38s58g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当平面空间有限时,也可以选择增加挂钩的方式,用来收纳一些晾衣物品以及日常清洁用品,如此来就显得井井有条。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuMOKou8saU4qEVMKHMhWHb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":296,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"墙面","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/87db0bbb87944f8fa98d79edbf801207","width":555},"text":"","id":"doxcnqGySW0CWcWAu6yEJgm14ab"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"若是担心挂钩会伤害原有的墙面,可以试试铁艺网,虽是小小的网格,但却有大大的作用,可以收纳一切你想要收纳的小物。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUqqWmukWgosKwTZdUCBpug"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":357,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"墙面","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/027fd1a176634f34b933b30c0dcac608","width":572},"text":"","id":"doxcnMkocUgiI6Mu8qMP1sWM3uc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意事项","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAiSwkQIgwu8CIDyFoLAF9c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"不管是封闭式还是半封闭式,都有一些注意事项,例如:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8OMGSiAaeWUCsdrkvml9Sg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"封装","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIA82aMuW6suiKGX7x8zJnh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"阳台封装质量是阳台装修中的关键,要注意它的抗风力,安装要牢固。要做好密封,否则透风撒气的等于没封。窗扇下口最容易渗水,一般是窗框下预留2厘米间隙,用专用密封剂或用水泥填死有窗台的,要向外作流水坡。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIEWyWGySYSOqMXH9NspZyg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"此外封闭式阳台的封装要格外注意:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWCQg4W0asU2GuOvJrmqfWg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1、征得物业同意","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO0cgk4g4S8Ciu2MZcK5v5c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"业主要特别注意封阳台必须征得小区物业管理部门的同意。如果住户没有征得小区物业管理部门的许可就封装阳台,很可能遭到处罚并要求修复。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMC4SoagSaIG6qCp7CouXFc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2、封阳台前要了解阳台的承重结构","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGYiaeCc4waG48wTlNSLbnb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"有些结构,例如半墙+窗的结构一般都是不允许拆除的,有些半墙是","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"配重墙","id":""},{"type":"text","text":",如果拆除,阳台可能存在下沉断裂的可能。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmcscW4iKW4q8KYy809mb4d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"3、不同阳台封装方式不同","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngeMuUa2aQUK4WewcbFgzae"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"阳台一般分为凹阳台、凸阳台和复合型阳台三种。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsgkQAGGGAEIg0MkMolORXe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"凸阳台和复合型阳台的承重能力都不太好,不能在阳台放太多东西,因此也会有物业规定阳台不得做储物间用。这两种阳台如果封就需要封闭三个面,需要打立柱起到支撑固定作用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnesIYCSC6e4Y8a2t0KxboHb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"凹阳台有立柱,两侧都是承重墙,封阳台的样式就是一字式阳台,只要封闭一个面既可。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAmUC4IAWew88kgmgyDqL7H"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"4、封装后要做好阳台防水","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8sscCSAiy8YEgDHie7DrWe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果阳台只用来当做休闲区、书房等,那原本的防水就足够了。但是如果用来当洗衣区、花房、餐厨区、甚至放浴缸的话,还是有必要再做一次防水的,不然有可能会存在漏水问题~","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIKUEgCo4gEAkm5Fgs59VRQ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"建议选择以防滑地砖,如果要安放洗衣机、拖把池等保洁设施,墙面也应该铺贴瓷砖。其他防水相关可以参考前文关于半封闭式阳台的防水排水,两者是通用的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCksQcAm4OO0cLUWXM1naEA"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"5.要关注窗户和玻璃的材质选择","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS6wEcwIK4mAIKiZi3pQx8g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"封阳台的窗户和玻璃的选择花样繁多,除了样式,家用封装更应要考虑隔音、保温、透光和安全的问题。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsywEymAyeyAccd5Cmvnq7f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"窗户的材质首选","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"断桥铝","id":""},{"type":"text","text":",玻璃首选双层夹胶玻璃,夏天隔热冬天保温,而且隔音效果也不错,总的来说性价比高。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCosgiKKcoOMCQX2CTmAwof"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"同时需注意封闭阳台铝窗的立框和横框一定要固定在阳台的护栏和顶部,用射钉和拉铆钉固定在混凝土内,再用涂漆的角钢加固。不能固定在砖墙上,更不能用木楔上下顶住立框,代替射钉枪固定。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncseUyW2cIC2U8XFWoMynSc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":436,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"封装","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f52cf3def0bb42b8b89ad3fbbcf9eda6","width":666},"text":"","id":"doxcnias22K20oUw4EvJyssnNee"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"6.做好验收","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0AmSw6eMmKiQUFAUTUYRof"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"阳台封装好以后,看起来是密闭了,但是其实还是需要仔细验收的,否则后续入住会出现许多问题。着重需要关注以下几个方面:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcno2qiAGMCAOoeEmhscvZium"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"玻璃","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKsMiY846umguUxGG3FAqAh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"首先看玻璃是否透亮整洁无气泡无划痕,从侧面看无明显波纹,安装的玻璃对楼层低的人家采光尤其重要。另外,","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"磨砂玻璃","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"注意磨砂面朝内,下雨天磨砂见水就会变透明的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKuIEqywyms6ewTt1MOjwEg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"框架","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2e2cakyQ0mqSmpqsbdlngS"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"其次是看窗扇推拉是否顺畅,大多情况下是取决于框架是否横平竖直,带把","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"直角尺","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"或者矿泉水,看看是否和水在同一水平上。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneceqgyoWYSOWiSGkqsaNzg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"立柱位置","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngOMws8mIa0u0onrZK0jvih"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"带转角的阳台一般会用到转角立柱,立柱位置应适中,太进说明尺寸测量的不够精准,太出容易有雨水从立柱渗进阳台内,造成漏水。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyqcUUyUMwaWU8pWvc78Z0c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"配件","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4SaCCCSOwC6coxSsoO05ac"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"可着重检查锁是否有弹力,锁具的外观是否美观,做工精细;滑轮是否滑动顺畅等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwqKImEyKAIE667h6XlDIFd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"隔热","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWQaQ66WiQMuUwtIOw57EOd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在装修封闭式阳台时,还需要注意隔热,阳台外保温层开发商在建房时就已经做好,内保温不一定每个开发商都配备。这边简要阐述一下内保温层的做法:在挤塑板的外立面做轻钢龙骨,然后贴几层石膏板,做防锈防裂处理,之后刮腻子,打磨平整后刷涂耐擦洗性能好的涂料即可。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnM8Ckw0UwIImyw1KqlYlAGI"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"安全","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGEkAS4Ik6Uy8qiGAfRng6d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"大多数住宅的阳台并不是为了承重而设计的,通常每平方米的承重不超过400千克。因此在装修阳台时要了解它的承重,装修储物都不能超过其荷载,尽量少放过重的家具,以免造成危险。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnm2Wq4GuAik4o2JulSKIVge"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"居室和阳台之间有一道墙,墙上的门连窗可以拆除,窗下半墙绝对不能拆,它在建筑结构上“配重墙”,起着支撑阳台的作用,如拆除就会严重影响阳台的安全,甚至会造成阳台坍塌,封阳台时尽量不要为了多扩点空间而将阳台探出一截,这样不仅危险,而且不美观,物业管理部门也不允许。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnc6McSOiCOK8oklpT2uweJb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"同时,为安全着想,半封闭式阳台在装修时,需要保证阳台的高度达到105cm,同时材料结实安装合格,减少安全隐患的遗留。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUO8MgG8IMaYWKOfK9aAx7b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"栏杆","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMwuwkcUqqgCskb6n2MHx9d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"阳台栏杆也是阳台安全的重要一环,无论是半封闭式还是全封闭式,都要加上栏杆,从建筑高度的角度来讲,建筑物高度高于24米,阳台护栏高度要不低于1.1米,建筑物高度低于24米,阳台护栏高度不低于1.05米。从建筑楼层的角度来讲,六层及以下的楼层应不低于1.05米,六层以上不低于1.1米;高层建筑应不低于1.2米。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMSUgGUMAUmmUIL6RBNQDab"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"栏杆的选择有以下几种材料:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWaWOGgSO24EQETdvjCpzPc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1.铁艺护栏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCIkE6kkEUqIWyqaZgZvnlg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"铁艺护栏从很早就开始流行了,因为它比较古老,变化多端,但是容易生锈,阴雨比较多的地区,这种护栏很不适用,而且随着现代建筑的推广,铁艺阳台栏杆的使用在逐渐的减少,这是必然的发展趋势。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuM0QqWWgo6EsgPl97iTkNd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":500,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"栏杆","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a03ad19e56cf433581b863b6f6bd123e","width":798},"text":"","id":"doxcnuEGICW0keeKMQJPb1DOt1g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2.防腐木护栏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSmaWGqcKaeQ0a8eh6zCThg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对于高档住宅区和别墅来说,它是一种不错的护栏材质的选择,而且起到很好的装饰作用,木质护栏特别有质感,体现出品味和档次,普通住宅运用的就相对较少了,但是防腐木的强度一般,而且样式比较单一,久了之后很容易开裂和褪色。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4oW6eiKUSmkO0e5Idbi7Oh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":375,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"栏杆","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4305d28575e64bd493ef71f311614bf1","width":500},"text":"","id":"doxcnOA46Aa8gmWcwkjQ7Eg3l6e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3.不锈钢护栏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqEMOkcMYqSQMUpklBdoCzg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"不锈钢的阳台护栏样式比较单调,可用的色彩又很少,这种材质通常有两种型号202和304,沿海地区会选择用304的,而内陆地区会用202的,因为沿海雨水比较多,比较潮湿,202的容易生锈。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOCgekeMAkQyE4CcBaCdPPb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":500,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"栏杆","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f2ed870430014b91811e81a2ab69efd7","width":889},"text":"","id":"doxcn0gAuqwUwwO8AGK4nKH1ANf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4.铝合金护栏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnm6Ckc2CgGkA6iOUaNV3Ckf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"铝合金材质的护栏价格相对较高,表面喷涂以后,不会锈蚀,而且质量轻抗冲击,所以安全性很高,但是很容易划伤,维修起来成本较高。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngComm6U882geCGX88IOwke"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":351,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"栏杆","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ae289a768b8240448a40b6fcb9ad2603","width":620},"text":"","id":"doxcnQ6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以上就是如何装修阳台的几项建议,希望能有所帮助。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMg4ESACmKiAqoxAAvc5NZb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIoauIoiasKWMKoQIhDCXKh"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E10. 时尚水族鱼缸图片大全
是成都智拓实业有限公司旗下品牌,系中国西南地区规模最大的水族箱专业生产企业,我公司生产的“可丽爱”水族系列鱼缸是世界上所有水族生产企业中唯一使用亚克力和浮法玻璃两种为原材料进行鱼缸的生产和制作。产品利用亚克力和浮法玻璃不同的特性,通过专业设计师和工程师的共同创作,使“可丽爱”鱼缸在功能、品质和时尚等方面得到了更好体现,由此获得了国家二十多项设计专利。
11. 时尚水族鱼缸怎么安装
1、打开包装。
鱼缸分为缸体和柜子两部份,打开包装后,先不要把缸体抬到柜子上。先用纸箱皮或泡棉均匀放在地上,然后将缸体放在上面,注意鱼缸四个角尤其要有泡棉垫好。
2、安装缸内上下水管。
找到缸内黑色小垫圈,将鱼缸左后角黑套拉出三分之二,把垫圈套在螺纹处,缠上水胶布。然后将黑色细上水管小心旋转到螺纹上。紧了既可,不用过于用力。(因为很多鱼缸的管道塑料接口都比较脆,如果用力过猛的话,有可能会把弄破接口。)然后把黑套推回原位,再接上弯头。下水管安装方法同上,只是不需接弯头。(担心接头漏水,可以直接在螺纹口处打上玻璃胶)
3、装灯管。
鱼缸盖平稳抬出,底朝天放好,同时将灯盖上的灯头罩旋转取出,套在灯管上,再将灯管装到灯盖上,旋紧灯罩。
4、试灯亮。
将灯盖通电,打开电源开关,看看每只灯管是否会亮,如果不亮,请在通电并打开了开关的前提下旋转灯管,直到灯亮为止。
5、底柜器材摆放(这个非常重要)
从鱼缸的上面的出水口这边数起,第一隔放过滤棉,第二隔放珊瑚砂,第三隔陶瓷环、活性炭,无上下之分,第四隔水泵。活性炭非标准配置物,不一定每个鱼缸都有配备。加温棒 杀菌灯一般放在水泵同一隔。也可以将加温棒直接放到鱼缸内。
6、安装水泵下水管。
把鱼缸小心抬到柜子上,将黑色短螺纹接头扭到鱼缸左后角,用绿色软管的一头和水泵对接,再穿过一个合适大小的盖子再和左细螺纹接头对接。将黑色粗短螺纹接头扭到鱼缸右后角,再用黑波纹管和右边螺纹接头对接。黑波纹管不要接在过滤桶盖上的接头上(小包的配件及钢丝卡口等辅助品可以不用,其中一个滤桶盖子上带一根黑色短管可以扭下不用)
7、安装氧气泵(如果有)
汽泵盒里一般配有一个汽石,也有可能在运输中掉到鱼缸柜子里了。氧气泵和氧气管连接,氧气管另一头和气石连接。气石要放到鱼缸内。注意:氧气泵不可以放到水里,尽量放在高于水平面的位置,以保证氧气泵的寿命。
8、安装显示屏(如果有)
一般鱼缸有一个盒子装着一个类似手机充电器似的变压器。将变压器一头和鱼缸内右侧另一根电源线对。对接处,不能放到水里。然后插电,调节时间日期。感温探头吸盘吸在鱼缸壁 上,泡在水里。有些鱼缸内有一根灰色数据线,请将它和鱼缸配带的排插数据接口对接,感温探头放到过滤桶任一隔即可。
9、鱼缸加水查漏
水直接加到鱼缸内,加到约15CM左右时,请检查柜子内两个接口是否有滴水迹像,如果没有请继续加,直到缸内有水从下水管流到底柜过滤桶里,水泵这个桶水位超过水泵时,请停止加水,让水泵通电开始过滤。同时检查各接口是否漏水,如果发现水泵通电后,水不够抽,请继续加水,直到够抽,水位在最低和最高水位线之间为最好。
10、注意事项
A加温棒需要放在全部放在水里,才可以通电,否则会烧坏。
B水泵必须完全泡在水中才能通电,否则不抽水,很容易烧坏,平时鱼缸注意补水。
C氧气不能放到水里,否则会跳闸漏电。
D过滤材料中沙子和陶磁环请冲洗到水清为止,活性炭冲三次即可。请整袋入桶,勿倒出。 E鱼缸安装完成后,要进行停电测试。测试方法,在通电过滤的情况下,断开水泵电源,打开柜门,观赏水泵这隔,水位上升情况。如果断电10分钟后没发现还有水在倒流或滴流现象,那么安装是正确的。
11、突发事件处理
A过滤桶溢水。由于过滤桶内一块隔板位置没放对,阻住了水流导致水从桶内溢出。将这块隔板放到缺少隔板的位置即可。
B柜内接口滴水。由于鱼缸上的上水管和下水管安装时没有放垫片,造成的。把缸内水放干,重新装上垫片。若已装垫片,请检查管子是否扭紧,同时可以在底柜两个黑色接头处缠上生料带,再扭紧即可。
C,停电溢水试验。鱼缸各部件安装完成,通电运作正常的情况下,可以做停电溢水试验。将水泵电源断开,打开柜子左边的门,观察水位上升情况,当鱼缸内的水不再往下溢流时,如果过滤桶里的水不溢出,说明一切正常。如果发现过滤桶有漫出水的迹像,请及时通电,然后做下面两方面检查和处理。
(1)放水泵这隔,水位不要超过桶的五分之三,水泵抽水上去后,出水到缸里那个管不要完全伸到水里面。可以斜着伸到水里,保留一个小口露出水面。这样如果停电的话,就会有空气进入水管,防止水倒流到水槽里。
(2)在关掉水泵的电源的状态下,观察鱼缸柜子右边下水管,关电10分钟后,会不会还有水下,如果有,说明下水管没有安装好,请重新安装下水管。