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xy网络流行什么意思(网络词xyl什么意思)

色彩搭配 zz 2022-11-28 21:18

1. 网络词xyl什么意思

C2类驾驶证与C1类驾驶证的考试流程是一样的，考试的三个科目也是一样的。不同的是C2类驾驶证在考试时驾驶的是自动挡汽车，C1类驾驶证在考试时驾驶的是手动档汽车。

考试基本信息

考试介绍

考驾照所说的C1、C2是驾驶证准驾车型的代码，C1是指小型汽车的意思，C2则是小型自动挡汽车的意思。C2类驾驶证与C1类驾驶证的考试流程是一样的，考试的科目也是一样的。考了C1驾照可以驾驶小型、微型载客汽车以及轻型、微型载货汽车；轻型、微型专项作业车，还可以准驾C1、C2、C3、C4、M的其他车型，而C2驾照的准驾车型为小型自动挡汽车，准驾车辆为小型、微型自动挡载客汽车以及轻型、微型自动挡载货汽车；轻型、微型自动挡专项作业车；上肢残疾人专用小型自动挡载客汽车。

报考条件

（一）年龄条件

年龄在18周岁以上。

（二）身体条件

1.视力：两眼裸视力或者矫正视力达到对数视力表4.9以上。单眼视力障碍，优眼裸视力或者矫正视力达到对数视力表5.0以上，且水平视野达到150度；

2. 辨色力：无红绿色盲；

3. 听力：两耳分别距音叉50厘米能辨别声源方向。有听力障碍但佩戴助听设备能够达到以上条件；

4. 上肢：双手拇指健全，每只手其他手指必须有三指健全，肢体和手指运动功能正常。但手指末节残缺或者左手有三指健全，且双手手掌完整的；

5. 下肢：双下肢健全且运动功能正常，不等长度不得大于5厘米。单独左下肢缺失或者丧失运动功能，但右下肢正常的；

6. 躯干、颈部：无运动功能障碍；

7. 年龄在70周岁以上能够通过记忆力、判断力、反应力等能力测试的。

（三）有下列情形之一的，不得申请小型汽车、小型自动挡汽车准驾车型

1.发生交通事故造成人员死亡，承担同等以上责任的；

2.醉酒后驾驶机动车的；

3.再次饮酒后驾驶机动车的；

4.有吸食、注射毒品后驾驶机动车行为的，或者有执行社区戒毒、强制隔离戒毒、社区康复措施记录的；

5.驾驶机动车追逐竞驶、超员、超速、违反危险化学品安全管理规定运输危险化学品构成犯罪的；

6.被吊销或者撤销机动车驾驶证未满十年的；

7.未取得机动车驾驶证驾驶机动车，发生负同等以上责任交通事故造成人员重伤或者死亡的。

报考时间

报名成功10天后，才可以预约科目一考试， 科目一成绩通过10天后，可“自主预约”科目二考试时间。 科目二成绩通过10天后，可“自主预约”科目三考试时间； 科目三成绩通过后第二天就可以“自主预约”科目四的考试时间（7天内可以参加考试）； 科目四成绩通过后便可领取驾驶证。

考试规定：每个科目考试不合格可以补考。不参加补考或补考仍不合格，本次考试终止，申请人应当重新预约考试。科目二和科目三道路驾驶技能考试预约考试的次数不得超过五次。

科目介绍

科目一：机考

主要考道路交通基本知识。

科目二：场地考试

考试内容：倒车入库、坡道定点停车和起步、侧方停车、曲线行驶、直角转弯。需要注意的是因为自动挡因为没有离合，所以不需要半坡起步这一项。

科目三：路考

小型汽车、小型自动挡汽车考试上车准备、起步、直线行驶、加减挡位操作、变更车道、靠边停车、直行通过路口、路口左转弯、路口右转弯、通过人行横道线、通过学校区域、通过公共汽车站、会车、超车、掉头、灯光模拟。小型汽车、小型自动挡汽车考试里程不少于3公里。

科目四：机考

主考安全文明驾驶操作要求，和科目一一样都是理论考试。

报名

因为有场地练车环节，所以一般建议找当地驾校进行报名：报名时需要先问清楚驾校的工作人员费用，以及考试等一系列的问题，然后就是问清楚什么费用需要自己交，什么费用是包含在内的，报完名后需要到当地的医院进行驾驶员体检，主要是检查视力、色盲这一块的（近视的可以带眼镜），体检的医院一定要和交警联网的医院才有用哦！

合格标准

1、科目一考试满分为100分，成绩达到90分的为合格；

2、科目二考试满分为100分，成绩达到80分的为合格；

3、科目三道路驾驶技能和安全文明驾驶常识考试满分分别为100分，成绩分别达到90分的为合格。

证书领取

驾考的考试全部结束并合格后，根据不同地区的情况，学员拿驾照的时间也有所不同。有的地区考完试以后，只需在现场等一两个小时就可以拿到驾照了，也有的地区在一个星期之内可以拿到驾照，一般都不会超过半个月的。

一般驾考完了拿驾照的方式有三种：

第1种：现场拿证，考完试以后在现场等待，制作本人的驾驶证，制作完毕就可以拿到。

第2种：通过快递邮寄的方式，把驾驶证寄到自己可以接收到的地方。

第3种：等待工作人员电话，自己去驾校拿。

备考方法

科目一、科目四：机考

可以下载驾考一点通，进行练习，做题时要注意总结、分析：

1、命题中含有绝对概念的词，这道题就很可能是错的，这类题中往往会出现“可以”、“允许”等词。

如“机动车未悬挂号牌，可以上路行驶”，“经运输企业批准可以使用变造的机动车登记证书、号牌、行驶证、检验合格标志、保险标志”，“高速公路加速车道或减速车道允许机动车超车”等，这些题答案都是错误的。

2、如果在命题中含有相对概念的词，这道题很可能是对的，因为这类题往往会出现“可能”、“易”等词或字。

如“狂风袭来，可能会使行驶中的车辆产生横向偏移”，“山区道路坡长而陡、路面窄、弯多而急，易发生交通事故”等，这些题答案都是正确的。总结一句话，科目一判断题答题技巧一定要注意题目中每个词语。

3、在判断题中，带有“快速”“紧急制动”“急转”“行政诉讼”的都错。

大部分考生在考试中容易粗心大意，其实这并不代表他们不会，而是粗心使他们吃了亏，所以学员们在考试中还是要细心一点。

科目二：场地考试

一、倒车入库

1、线路：

右侧入库——向左侧出库——左侧入库——向右侧出库。

2、技巧：

（1）先调整座位和左右后视镜，要求是后视镜的上边缘线压上后门把手的一半。

（2）右侧入库：倒车从左侧后视镜中看到和左侧虚线有大约三指的距离时，方向盘向后一圈半端平，看左侧后视镜，直到在后视镜看到车库右侧的前拐角，方向盘向左回半圈，当车体和库边线平行后，方向盘向左回一圈，入库，当后视镜压到库左侧前边线时，停车。

（3）左侧出库：向前，当驾驶人肩部刚过库左侧边线时，方向盘向左打一又四分之一圈，直到肩部和停车线平齐，停车。

（4）左侧入库：方向盘保持，倒车，从左后视镜观察车身入库时和库左侧前拐角间的距离，如果距离大于25cm时，将方向盘向左打死，找平行，当车身和库左侧边线平行时，方向盘回正；如果距离小于25cm时，将方向盘保持或者慢慢回正，找平，当车身和库左侧边线平行时，方向盘回正，入库停车。

（5）右侧出库：向前，当驾驶人肩部刚过左侧边线时，方向盘向右打一又四分之一圈，看左侧找平，当车身和左侧边线平行时，方向盘回正，停车。

二、侧方停车

1、线路：

看车内警示灯按钮沿库边线前行，当右侧后视镜中看到完全经过侧方停车左侧前拐角时，停车——右侧入库——左侧出库。

2、技巧：

（1）倒车，当右侧后视镜的底角马上盖住库左侧前方拐角时，方向盘向右一圈。

（2）从右侧后视镜看右侧前门门把手慢慢接近库的右侧边线，当即将靠上右侧边线时，方向盘向左回一圈。

（3）马上从左后视镜看后轮胎，当后轮胎即将碰到库的左侧边线时，方向盘向左打死，找平行，平行后停车。

三、曲线行驶

将车开向库口，当驾驶人肩部和库口左侧线平行，方向盘向左打死，将车开向“S”路的库口，方向盘回正，看到车头左肩线和“S”右侧边线相交，随着线路向左打方向盘，当车头左肩线和右侧边线离开时，看着左肩线慢慢靠上“S”路的左侧边线，靠上后，慢慢向右慢慢回方向盘，看着车头右肩线靠上“S”路的左侧边线，靠上后，方向盘慢慢向右回，保持相交状态，直到车出路，找平回正方向盘。

四、直角转弯

将车开向库口，当驾驶人肩部和直角弯库口左侧线平行时，方向盘向左打死，找平行，方向盘回正，将车开向直角弯的库口。然后看左侧后视镜和直角弯路的直角垂直时，将方向盘向左侧打死，找平行，方向盘回正。

五、半坡起步和定点停车

将车开向坡道，当驾驶人肩部到路面1/4时，将方向盘向左打死，踩油门，慢慢给油，和坡道平行后方向盘回正，观看车内警示灯靠向坡道上画的两条线的中间偏左侧一点，然后保持，指导右侧刮雨器的中间圆点和坡道上的标杆相交，停车。5秒后踩油门，坡起，停车。

科目三：路考

1、上车前准备

从驾驶位车门往车尾方向，环车走一圈检查车辆外观和周围环境，确认安全再上车。

2、起步

听到语音提示“请起步”后，先打开左转向灯(大于3秒)，踩刹车将档位挂入1档，扭头观察左后视镜确认后方安全，鸣笛，放驻车制动器，平稳起步，进入车道后关闭左转向灯。

3、路口右转

提前开启右转向灯3秒，进入路口前减速，遇到行人或其他车辆正在通行，还应该停车等待。不要鸣笛催促或抢行，否则会被扣分。

4、掉头

提前变更到掉头车道，并开启左转向灯3秒，通过后视镜观察左后方交通情况，确认安全且不妨碍其他车辆通行情况下，可以掉头。

5、直行通过路口

进入路口前应踩刹车，让系统知道你有刹车操作，降至30km/h以下的安全车速，按照信号灯指示行驶，注意路口内禁止停车。

6、路口左转弯

当听到语音提示“前方路口左转弯”后，开左转向灯（大于3秒）后，按导向箭头车道左转至行车道。

7、通过公交站

一般会有语音播报通过公交车站，这时候应减速慢行，将车速降至30km/h以下，同时扭头观察左右后视镜。即便语音没有播报，看到两侧有公交站，也要减速慢行，确认安全再通过。

8、加减档操作

要求从1档依次升至5档，然后再从5档降至1档，注意速度和档位匹配的关系，还不能跳档(例如2档直接跳到4档)。一般1档10km/h左右，2档20km/h左右，3档20-40km/h左右，4档40-60km/h左右，5档60km/h以上。通常只是升到4档就可以了，因为路况和限速问题，很少用到5档。

9、会车

会车前一定要先减速，如果开了远光灯，一定要切换至近光灯，然后判定会车大概位置，必要时慢速让行或停车等待。

10、超车

打左转向灯（大于3秒），同时通过（左）后视镜观察左后方交通情况，确认安全后方可向左转动方向盘，驶入左侧车道进行超车。超过被超车辆，确认与被超车辆保持安全距离后，打右转向灯（大于3秒），同时通过（右）后视镜观察右后方，确认安全后驶入原车道正常行驶。当不具备超车条件时，可等待条件允许时，完成超车动作，禁止右侧超车。

11、直线行驶

可以目视前方车道，让自己感觉在车道左侧1/3处行驶，如果感觉自己在车道中央行驶，可以往左微调方向。感觉太靠左行驶的，可以向右打一下方向。

12、通过人行道

考生应减速慢行（刹车）或在进入该区域前车速低于30km/h。若有行人通过，请把车辆停在安全线外等候，在行人通过人行横道后方可通过。

13、通过学校区域

与通过公交站、人行道类似，进入该区域都是需要提前将车速降低至30km/h以下，左右扭头观察，注意避让学生，确认安全后方可通行。

%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"C2类驾驶证与C1类驾驶证的考试流程是一样的，考试的三个科目也是一样的。不同的是C2类驾驶证在考试时驾驶的是自动挡汽车，C1类驾驶证在考试时驾驶的是手动档汽车。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2u6EI20w6MEca2bjNl3PKc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"考试基本信息","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUIGyYywyYwqGWYdLoSOYcc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"考试介绍","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnau6uEieMOuAK6R0CA1Z0hc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"考驾照所说的C1、C2是驾驶证准驾车型的代码，C1是指小型汽车的意思，C2则是小型自动挡汽车的意思。C2类驾驶证与C1类驾驶证的考试流程是一样的，考试的科目也是一样的。考了C1驾照可以驾驶小型、微型载客汽车以及轻型、微型载货汽车；轻型、微型专项作业车，还可以准驾C1、C2、C3、C4、M的其他车型，而C2驾照的准驾车型为小型自动挡汽车，准驾车辆为小型、微型自动挡载客汽车以及轻型、微型自动挡载货汽车；轻型、微型自动挡专项作业车；上肢残疾人专用小型自动挡载客汽车。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoiyecGg6K8wy2TfYZuRzFd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":409,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"考试介绍","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2adc35dcd1a842f3b17102b1b026df18","width":593},"text":"","id":"doxcnuesU0Csoe0qc4e2tn5Ky0e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"报考条件","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmsU86SeyuOmym4OWZJgu4b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"（一）年龄条件","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYYQygUyu0EagSmDl5rFOme"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"年龄在18周岁以上。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIim0QCSaOWu8C0VCP434ye"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"（二）身体条件","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncuUEe2AMAe8mIz0ZIQoERc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1.视力：两眼裸视力或者矫正视力达到对数视力表4.9以上。单眼视力障碍，优眼裸视力或者矫正视力达到对数视力表5.0以上，且水平视野达到150度；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnagMEIOqGyGeOYbM2sDBoAe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2. 辨色力：无红绿色盲；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEC6E2mQwkOAeuksrop2zlg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3. 听力：两耳分别距音叉50厘米能辨别声源方向。有听力障碍但佩戴助听设备能够达到以上条件；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWWA0k0UQsKI0uM92TcJnAc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4. 上肢：双手拇指健全，每只手其他手指必须有三指健全，肢体和手指运动功能正常。但手指末节残缺或者左手有三指健全，且双手手掌完整的；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqCQwUqAAmOwG29ZDlmWYnh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5. 下肢：双下肢健全且运动功能正常，不等长度不得大于5厘米。单独左下肢缺失或者丧失运动功能，但右下肢正常的；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnay2iO4O8wouquIcHi6u5xg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6. 躯干、颈部：无运动功能障碍；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnImce6c2YQWaUkTIozR3oTe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7. 年龄在70周岁以上能够通过记忆力、判断力、反应力等能力测试的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUQik6essC0A4eYKy7KizBh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"（三）有下列情形之一的，不得申请小型汽车、小型自动挡汽车准驾车型","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK402w0K4YcAki6Z1ZUcJAd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1.发生交通事故造成人员死亡，承担同等以上责任的；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGakoww6wccOk4HaXNcqkQf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2.醉酒后驾驶机动车的；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqawa6Q0G2IigwzNeY5Zo9f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3.再次饮酒后驾驶机动车的；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkmwgsGKgkOUm67tPcRsM0e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4.有吸食、注射毒品后驾驶机动车行为的，或者有执行社区戒毒、强制隔离戒毒、社区康复措施记录的；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGoe4iE84uKIAQ58RwenGgf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5.驾驶机动车追逐竞驶、超员、超速、违反危险化学品安全管理规定运输危险化学品构成犯罪的；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0GOuQSuM2CEYkJNM5aBUzh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6.被吊销或者撤销机动车驾驶证未满十年的；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnekIWwEGu8UgM4nIROzrPqg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7.未取得机动车驾驶证驾驶机动车，发生负同等以上责任交通事故造成人员重伤或者死亡的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaqQawGAe68UUAVtezcC0Zd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":802,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"（三）有下列情形之一的，不得申请小型汽车、小型自动挡汽车准驾车型","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e1ed9d1ab9154bb5ba3f4a90b5e1bf55","width":1600},"text":"","id":"doxcnMY2YSYQqsMOqIzYm1Lurcb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"报考时间","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnc22s6WwSQE8empbwEUlRz7"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"报名成功10天后，才可以预约科目一考试， 科目一成绩通过10天后，可“自主预约”科目二考试时间。 科目二成绩通过10天后，可“自主预约”科目三考试时间； 科目三成绩通过后第二天就可以“自主预约”科目四的考试时间（7天内可以参加考试）； 科目四成绩通过后便可领取驾驶证。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGsUO2EO08WWGAneIzq9Ore"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"考试规定：每个科目考试不合格可以补考。不参加补考或补考仍不合格，本次考试终止，申请人应当重新预约考试。科目二和科目三道路驾驶技能考试预约考试的次数不得超过五次。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSwSiMAgQsOOKGSWZwearqf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"科目介绍","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkAyomg2i686EMbZAHU5i4e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"科目一：机考","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMIYUmqSuYkEUaoFIgKXg8f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主要考道路交通基本知识。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwoum4oCAkGy6eOhChJfL1f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":451,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"科目一：机考","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e0c70cf13fc048adbc23b4a56607a06e","width":715},"text":"","id":"doxcnKuwQ2UieA6KSIjGLJyKocd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"科目二：场地考试","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnM0kIeOuUcyag0ae0Gkaujb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"考试内容：倒车入库、坡道定点停车和起步、侧方停车、曲线行驶、直角转弯。需要注意的是因为自动挡因为没有离合，所以不需要半坡起步这一项。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4q66eYqK0m2C4sJuvIR9Ze"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":853,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"科目二：场地考试","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f9d60781a1ec4ebabef6c2f30f299980","width":1280},"text":"","id":"doxcnwmyeAMcMiEsKQzCXrjPsed"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"科目三：路考","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0qUEQiuE4omG2zz7emaxaf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"小型汽车、小型自动挡汽车考试上车准备、起步、直线行驶、加减挡位操作、变更车道、靠边停车、直行通过路口、路口左转弯、路口右转弯、通过人行横道线、通过学校区域、通过公共汽车站、会车、超车、掉头、灯光模拟。小型汽车、小型自动挡汽车考试里程不少于3公里。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO0YQEkmsGS2oyyCmVkHs6c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":493,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"科目三：路考","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d98ce9ede4fc4b9d853a33b0324f1aa7","width":800},"text":"","id":"doxcng0IMAW2msIU2IbgL3wej2g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"科目四：机考","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYoSa2O6KiGEYWqkGENuEMd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 主考安全文明驾驶操作要求，和科目一一样都是理论考试。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4CaWegQIekesCLSvDGegtb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":485,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"科目四：机考","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6722f38bbf144e989d30707bbee93426","width":821},"text":"","id":"doxcn4ecsuiGoEEEs8xOAdZuejh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"报名","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngQUmSQyw42IWGaIL6YFDqg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"因为有场地练车环节，所以一般建议找当地驾校进行报名：报名时需要先问清楚驾校的工作人员费用，以及考试等一系列的问题，然后就是问清楚什么费用需要自己交，什么费用是包含在内的，报完名后需要到当地的医院进行驾驶员体检，主要是检查视力、色盲这一块的（近视的可以带眼镜），体检的医院一定要和交警联网的医院才有用哦！","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnquAuCKO6Om2S2jlpQrX8Yd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"合格标准","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKwC2eA2kQwAcyIh2A81Mzd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、科目一考试满分为100分，成绩达到90分的为合格；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAME8OciyM2Mcz6dQGcT8sR"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、科目二考试满分为100分，成绩达到80分的为合格；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKWIQWEkAiGqqsxJ0ovhHSg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、科目三道路驾驶技能和安全文明驾驶常识考试满分分别为100分，成绩分别达到90分的为合格。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQYQQKGiuoOS0g1buK92cLf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"证书领取","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngiQWKqcEMK4oa6hbeMRDNh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"驾考的考试全部结束并合格后，根据不同地区的情况，学员拿驾照的时间也有所不同。有的地区考完试以后，只需在现场等一两个小时就可以拿到驾照了，也有的地区在一个星期之内可以拿到驾照，一般都不会超过半个月的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMAem4Su0eM2oCehLE2FWqd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一般驾考完了拿驾照的方式有三种：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOKSy0IyCGSUEqk1MRl41Dd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第1种：现场拿证，考完试以后在现场等待，制作本人的驾驶证，制作完毕就可以拿到。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnccaISIGi4Q4i0Ou0aFKYke"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第2种：通过快递邮寄的方式，把驾驶证寄到自己可以接收到的地方。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEYIOeE08KIyaCSpUzXeAMh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第3种：等待工作人员电话，自己去驾校拿。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQwiIQqgeKgCwQLKGIThpWh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":384,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"证书领取","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/48f0189df6394be1aff86862c7d820f7","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnQi8I4oSE2m68Kan3iWJmwf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"备考方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneGGCyICemK2Iei5ba92cTc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"科目一、科目四：机考","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCeyGukkiicee2NSrRAK2Kh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"可以下载驾考一点通，进行练习，做题时要注意总结、分析：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuGsM0wgqqOeso0NRWCqpbb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、命题中含有绝对概念的词，这道题就很可能是错的，这类题中往往会出现“可以”、“允许”等词。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEcsWSUYquqy2oJmyG8iise"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如“机动车未悬挂号牌，可以上路行驶”，“经运输企业批准可以使用变造的机动车登记证书、号牌、行驶证、检验合格标志、保险标志”，“高速公路加速车道或减速车道允许机动车超车”等，这些题答案都是错误的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMmgQqKu6uUsSqCIrUZQkid"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、如果在命题中含有相对概念的词，这道题很可能是对的，因为这类题往往会出现“可能”、“易”等词或字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoKSaceIKUkUC8lKhdxY2Ce"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如“狂风袭来，可能会使行驶中的车辆产生横向偏移”，“山区道路坡长而陡、路面窄、弯多而急，易发生交通事故”等，这些题答案都是正确的。总结一句话，科目一判断题答题技巧一定要注意题目中每个词语。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGseC8cyc4WEKyqIm320DIe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、在判断题中，带有“快速”“紧急制动”“急转”“行政诉讼”的都错。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKS4IISGKm0iss9oOscY0Mg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"大部分考生在考试中容易粗心大意，其实这并不代表他们不会，而是粗心使他们吃了亏，所以学员们在考试中还是要细心一点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAogIa6e2Uk8aK4JCq1lhAc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":588,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"科目一、科目四：机考","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fac0d0b55f8143ea90acab7735d13a0e","width":470},"text":"","id":"doxcnKk8AmWmQc6AmiVn2oN0oez"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"科目二：场地考试","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaiqIOAUsAGoy4e8y3KTuwe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":4},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"一、倒车入库","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0UWGkAUiUOWKW0SfqQlRbf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、线路：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2aICWuWUmo0YodiObQHBue"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"右侧入库——向左侧出库——左侧入库——向右侧出库。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCCC6gCO8IquUGSYJqgNVif"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、技巧：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKyWkaY0gwSeMuU4bsGr0wf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（1）先调整座位和左右后视镜，要求是后视镜的上边缘线压上后门把手的一半。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMy8QuOOwoo6KkRxo7gAVNe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（2）右侧入库：倒车从左侧后视镜中看到和左侧虚线有大约三指的距离时，方向盘向后一圈半端平，看左侧后视镜，直到在后视镜看到车库右侧的前拐角，方向盘向左回半圈，当车体和库边线平行后，方向盘向左回一圈，入库，当后视镜压到库左侧前边线时，停车。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAsSigOc600eAs3JEFm7Z4e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（3）左侧出库：向前，当驾驶人肩部刚过库左侧边线时，方向盘向左打一又四分之一圈，直到肩部和停车线平齐，停车。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCCSAQAy6gCqMInhYyt6Nzb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（4）左侧入库：方向盘保持，倒车，从左后视镜观察车身入库时和库左侧前拐角间的距离，如果距离大于25cm时，将方向盘向左打死，找平行，当车身和库左侧边线平行时，方向盘回正；如果距离小于25cm时，将方向盘保持或者慢慢回正，找平，当车身和库左侧边线平行时，方向盘回正，入库停车。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnosg0aQMyCS2wQdRLS2S8gd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（5）右侧出库：向前，当驾驶人肩部刚过左侧边线时，方向盘向右打一又四分之一圈，看左侧找平，当车身和左侧边线平行时，方向盘回正，停车。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYmaqgEuSk0CEcR1Sd9iXjh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1417,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"一、倒车入库","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e7697da80b0949c89dd61f13fd59423e","width":1984},"text":"","id":"doxcnaei0uAoWOGCsMPjFvFESZf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":4},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"二、侧方停车","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnw4cQwwAqKmamMHJ7RWz22b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、线路：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIS6mQwyqI6iUWyKw35V4Ng"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"看车内警示灯按钮沿库边线前行，当右侧后视镜中看到完全经过侧方停车左侧前拐角时，停车——右侧入库——左侧出库。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKEgQAUE8CKiOykQd8OXyDc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、技巧：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyYmGgQYS8m8kyG8QTHEQ4e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（1）倒车，当右侧后视镜的底角马上盖住库左侧前方拐角时，方向盘向右一圈。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnimGOGYIY6YwCMJeieJk2Ve"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（2）从右侧后视镜看右侧前门门把手慢慢接近库的右侧边线，当即将靠上右侧边线时，方向盘向左回一圈。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn20WY644AaCgqWCKXhR6rFh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（3）马上从左后视镜看后轮胎，当后轮胎即将碰到库的左侧边线时，方向盘向左打死，找平行，平行后停车。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneqmiw2kwGOGWQXYLHXurpf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":538,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二、侧方停车","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6ed6340ff53a4c739bf6bd5bda1473fb","width":1076},"text":"","id":"doxcne8gIkaooYSUgkdaOI2SyRp"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":4},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"三、曲线行驶","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYGQGc0IC4QmeAXytqK40Zc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"将车开向库口，当驾驶人肩部和库口左侧线平行，方向盘向左打死，将车开向“S”路的库口，方向盘回正，看到车头左肩线和“S”右侧边线相交，随着线路向左打方向盘，当车头左肩线和右侧边线离开时，看着左肩线慢慢靠上“S”路的左侧边线，靠上后，慢慢向右慢慢回方向盘，看着车头右肩线靠上“S”路的左侧边线，靠上后，方向盘慢慢向右回，保持相交状态，直到车出路，找平回正方向盘。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4E82A0gKsgssKQQtbGtoIf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":414,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三、曲线行驶","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b76b396443094fc7928febfbdf4fa258","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnuM0eSIeyW2Ckk12frMlCng"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":4},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"四、直角转弯","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0YciGgMaUWGC6xhbBSBymc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"将车开向库口，当驾驶人肩部和直角弯库口左侧线平行时，方向盘向左打死，找平行，方向盘回正，将车开向直角弯的库口。然后看左侧后视镜和直角弯路的直角垂直时，将方向盘向左侧打死，找平行，方向盘回正。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnagWIq8ae4ewsaeCtaLKYUg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":684,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"四、直角转弯","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7f0a7ada55d947f594f071c40c83c3a1","width":1032},"text":"","id":"doxcnq2e8eakamOyUOOIfywgdUd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":4},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"五、半坡起步和定点停车","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEICOEyug4kwCGUJUv7aLHf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"将车开向坡道，当驾驶人肩部到路面1/4时，将方向盘向左打死，踩油门，慢慢给油，和坡道平行后方向盘回正，观看车内警示灯靠向坡道上画的两条线的中间偏左侧一点，然后保持，指导右侧刮雨器的中间圆点和坡道上的标杆相交，停车。5秒后踩油门，坡起，停车。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGgwS482EymMuiy5gCspRbc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":429,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五、半坡起步和定点停车","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5e622423f16d4168abd21cc22e0b9969","width":756},"text":"","id":"doxcn8SwWwQEEIcsA0geh7YJCcf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"科目三：路考","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsCa4WyeCAAIoKqtz8nlZRB"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":4},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、上车前准备","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn22AiQKcKYcYgKIU5B9SUMg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"从驾驶位车门往车尾方向，环车走一圈检查车辆外观和周围环境，确认安全再上车。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKEEAseeaOMqOgjXGKHq6Sc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":373,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"1、上车前准备","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/781877ce7e464bd4a5eba266638501fd","width":800},"text":"","id":"doxcnK6oGGIqqAEIUALsErGgwMd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":4},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、起步","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0uIMSUkMkaOOI1uIYSVsff"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"听到语音提示“请起步”后，先打开左转向灯(大于3秒)，踩刹车将档位挂入1档，扭头观察左后视镜确认后方安全，鸣笛，放驻车制动器，平稳起步，进入车道后关闭左转向灯。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2CeCk0kqQQWoGQ3ozBkMgb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":4},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、路口右转","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8CSqOgEqsmwKu8q9OTyQcc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"提前开启右转向灯3秒，进入路口前减速，遇到行人或其他车辆正在通行，还应该停车等待。不要鸣笛催促或抢行，否则会被扣分。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEUSagQ8oUMyIcXW0xceWee"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":4},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、掉头","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn484e6kGw8AkiaGQC6V9CYe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"提前变更到掉头车道，并开启左转向灯3秒，通过后视镜观察左后方交通情况，确认安全且不妨碍其他车辆通行情况下，可以掉头。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAyY6OQWOOASoJ2u0kAhhOJ"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":4},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、直行通过路口","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnY20AO00ie2yWsPIs0TIS6b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"进入路口前应踩刹车，让系统知道你有刹车操作，降至30km/h以下的安全车速，按照信号灯指示行驶，注意路口内禁止停车。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkYEs6SsAYoiQq8aHguLYmg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":405,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"5、直行通过路口","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3860e5ebee1a42338e362deaefcbfa43","width":720},"text":"","id":"doxcneo8i6OCo20KSUiSLTEuOP7"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":4},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、路口左转弯","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6cw6emKwock0mOaicwk7xb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当听到语音提示“前方路口左转弯”后，开左转向灯（大于3秒）后，按导向箭头车道左转至行车道。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUwyWKkYwg06SGUlS0uE1kg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":4},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、通过公交站","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngKEe4aEEgKkyYL0xPmBdnh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一般会有语音播报通过公交车站，这时候应减速慢行，将车速降至30km/h以下，同时扭头观察左右后视镜。即便语音没有播报，看到两侧有公交站，也要减速慢行，确认安全再通过。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnm02UoQsOWEC087MqOmCu1g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":4},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、加减档操作","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOsQ6SOcUWyiKOkfXp6QORe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"要求从1档依次升至5档，然后再从5档降至1档，注意速度和档位匹配的关系，还不能跳档(例如2档直接跳到4档)。一般1档10km/h左右，2档20km/h左右，3档20-40km/h左右，4档40-60km/h左右，5档60km/h以上。通常只是升到4档就可以了，因为路况和限速问题，很少用到5档。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0UoOgI6YWKA6uYeek2Rm2c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":126,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"8、加减档操作","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/453070fbc29546ec8744c5614430778b","width":554},"text":"","id":"doxcnciyemWUKGkMyEBHotXfPlc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":4},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"9、会车","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnc8gU8GOe6gMOuuZjMgCRSf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"会车前一定要先减速，如果开了远光灯，一定要切换至近光灯，然后判定会车大概位置，必要时慢速让行或停车等待。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcny66iwIMko8Ye0tHizx0iT2"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":4},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"10、超车","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSG2IOwsg8oAyMZYBWztxPf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"打左转向灯（大于3秒），同时通过（左）后视镜观察左后方交通情况，确认安全后方可向左转动方向盘，驶入左侧车道进行超车。超过被超车辆，确认与被超车辆保持安全距离后，打右转向灯（大于3秒），同时通过（右）后视镜观察右后方，确认安全后驶入原车道正常行驶。当不具备超车条件时，可等待条件允许时，完成超车动作，禁止右侧超车。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGKocqOmCYEE2MfGg3Zn9lc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":372,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"10、超车","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/07c561007db4465dac2e9c915f58099e","width":600},"text":"","id":"doxcnc82Ggk0amuIEf3e5DdrVmZ"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":4},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"11、直线行驶","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyekUWOUckqM2CurSOB4B8d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"可以目视前方车道，让自己感觉在车道左侧1/3处行驶，如果感觉自己在车道中央行驶，可以往左微调方向。感觉太靠左行驶的，可以向右打一下方向。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqyGWIeESaIwOuciWiVbfDg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":372,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"11、直线行驶","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/58f0970fcde240388bcc32979a4f0ce4","width":600},"text":"","id":"doxcn666i4SWE68WqayowtgfM7c"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":4},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"12、通过人行道","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSgYcsYkcu6keYbIZejV2ag"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"考生应减速慢行（刹车）或在进入该区域前车速低于30km/h。若有行人通过，请把车辆停在安全线外等候，在行人通过人行横道后方可通过。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6WiM0u86SawO4nMPaVI9rg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":4},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"13、通过学校区域","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqyQ84yW8MG2eyGseyY8Atf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"与通过公交站、人行道类似，进入该区域都是需要提前将车速降低至30km/h以下，左右扭头观察，注意避让学生，确认安全后方可通行。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOisyCCa8CAYMQ1sPl8nqVd"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E

2. xyf网络词是什么意思

从奇函数定义就明白了：定义域关于原点对称，且f(x)=-f(-x)。这里y是变量，可以看成f(y)=xy，因为f(y)=xy=-x(-y)=-f(-y)，所以是奇函数。

3. xyxf网络词是什么意思

nsdd：也是一种缩写的表达方式，意思是你说得对。

dbq：是一种拼音缩写出来的语言，是对不起的拼音缩写，意思就是对不起。

drl：拼音缩写的意思是打扰了。

zqsg：这个拼音的缩写是真情实感的意思，表达自己的真诚的情感。

xswl：这个词语的意思是笑死我了，在一些很搞笑的时候经常使用。

hong了：这个词语是表达疯了的意思。

wwdmzzfyb：这个词语的拼音就很长，一般来说不太容易猜，意思是为我的莽撞罚一杯。

xyxf：这个词语还是比较的常见的，意思是血雨腥风。

xjj：这个词语是现在网络上还比较流行的一种称呼，就是小姐姐。

pyq：这个是我们经常分享自己生活的地方，意思是朋友圈。

Yjgj：有句港句，这个词为粤语方言。即有事说事，实话实说。

cdx：指处对象。

NSS：即暖说说，指帮忙转发、点赞、评论说说。

ssmy：即盛世美颜，形容一个人长得好看。

awsl：啊我死了，形容看到喜欢的事情激动的心情。

gkd：指搞快点。

szd：指是真的。

wlsw：指外来生物。

ssfd：指瑟瑟发抖。

hsbd：指胡说八道。

u1s1：指有一说一。

4. xyh网络用语是什么意思

1、yxh是饭圈用语“营销号”的拼音缩写形式。“营销号”是指一些自媒体，网络平台上，一些自媒体主要以流量或利益为目的开展的写稿创作发布，被一些网民称为营销号。

2、跟信息搬运工差不多，但目前大量的营销号因为质量不足、涉及利益、标题党等因素，所以对读者和观众而言是贬义词。该词是常见的饭圈用语。

5. xylx什么意思网络用语

简笔画是一种利用简单的点、线、画等符号来表现物象基本特性的，简约而直观、形象、鲜明、生动的绘画形式。是指把复杂的形象简单化，形体结构是绘画最基本的要素，各种物体都有自己独特的构成因素。

基础知识

简笔画就是用最简练的线条和平面图形概括表现出物体的基本形状和主要特征，亦可以称减笔画。简笔画不仅是一种实用性很强的通俗艺术形式，而且通过精练概括、简中求美，以少胜多的艺术思维和造型理念，广泛运用多种艺术造型形式，给人以物质精神的审美享受。注重图形体现的象征性，这是与一般速写的最大区别。简笔画看起来简单，然而是对物象特征的概括和提炼。

简笔画发展

小学英语教学中的简笔画称为“教学简笔画”。教学简笔画不同于一般绘画，它必须伴随着教学内容而存在，它的画面要和教学语言融为一体。它不在于写实，只在于写意传神，并且一挥而就，一学就会，不需要什么高深的绘画技巧，只需要稍加练习便可掌握。

它是教学中直观生动的快捷演示，即教师在教学中利用黑板，以凝练、概括的图示形式，把文章重难点、中心意义显示出来，使学生更直观、形象地理解文章的重点、中心意义显示出来，使学生更直观、形象地理解文章内容的一种板书形式。

简笔画在小学英语教学中的运用能配合素质教育的实施和发展，不仅帮助学生灵活地学习运用英语还有利于学生完善自我，帮助培养创新精神，实践能力和审美情趣。而且使用起来非常方便，随时随地都可信手拈来，随需随画，对教学尤为适用。

作为教师如何充分发挥简笔画的艺术特色，使其和小学英语教学完美结合。始终要注意贯彻“画中有话，话中有画”这一教学原则。

教学情景

情景教学法适合低年级学生的学习规律，有利于培养学习兴趣和语言能力。儿童需要在轻松、快乐、得到鼓励的环境中学习。针对现在的多数学校来说，与课文配套的教学图片还不齐全，有些农村小学甚至都不具备这些教学图片，都拿实物来也不太实际。

教师在教学活动中，无论是呈现新知识，还是巩固旧知识，都应尽最大努力，创造一个快乐、有趣、有意义的课堂语言气氛，而通过简笔画学单词，情况将会很不一样，它能为教学内容提供生动具体的情景，然后可以围绕这些情景去展开一系列的教学，使学生身在教室便有一种置身于英语文化中的感觉。

教学中常常会遇到一些无法用实物或场景表现的内容，则可以通过简笔画，配上一些表情、手势、动作等，使学生明白句子的意思和使用场合，达到句意相连，运用自如的效果。靠学生们抽象地死记硬背来掌握，枯燥而乏味，效果也自然不好。

动物

鱼

1、确定好主体鱼的位置，勾线笔勾出热带鱼的轮廓。

2、在身体的后面画上两条弯弯的对立的线，把它们连在一起，鱼尾巴就完成了。

3、在缺口处画一道勾，然后画成心形，嘴就画好了。

4、画出眼睛和眉毛

5、小鱼身体上向上画一条线，然后在线上画一颗心，就画好鱼鳍了；背鳍画上后一条小鱼就画好了。

狗

1、画出一个半圆的形状，用来当小狗的头顶。

2、接着把小狗的耳朵画出来。

3、将小狗的两条前腿画出来，要有扑东西的意思

4、连接着前面的两条腿，画出身体的轮廓。

5、画上鼻子、眼睛、嘴，然后是尾巴和扔起来的骨头。

猫

1、画出一个圆圆的圆圈，作为小猫的头和脸。

2、画出两只尖耳朵

3、画出小猫咪的眼睛、嘴巴和胡须，还可在小猫咪脸上稍加装饰，这样画出来的小猫咪会更加可爱

4、画出前面两只脚，再把身体连起来，画上小尾巴，最后在脖子处画出蝴蝶结

植物

花

1、先画一个小圆

2、画出左右对称的花瓣，然后把其他花瓣画好

3、画出花的细节

4、把枝干和树叶画上

树

1、画下两个“v”的形状，这两个“v”的形状不要离得太远，在左边的那个“v”形的左边开始往下画，画一条直线

2、从右边的v形的一边开始画往下的直线，然后和上一步画的直线连接起来

3、在树杈的下面开始画，以树干为分界线，左右各画上两条波浪线，还是用波浪线画树冠上部分

4、为了美观对树冠进行一下装饰，在树冠的里面用波浪线画上一些弧形，来显示树冠的茂密

草

1、画一个小圆，下面画一条曲线

2、曲线上面画两条横向的半椭圆线条

3、画上小叶子，还有小果子

物体

尺子

1、用黑色彩笔和直尺先画一个长方形，长度方向尽量长一些。

2、沿着长方形左边画一条朝下的直线，宽的一半作为起始线，距离起始线一毫米画一条朝下的直线，是起始线的一半，一直画到五毫米的位置。重复上面的操作，画出另外一半，这样一厘米的位置就好了。

3、继续上面的操作，直到画出十厘米的位置。并且在对应的长线下面写上0-10数字，在10数字下面写上单位cm。

橡皮

1、画一个长方形

2、再画半圆形的橡皮头

3、画出边缘线条，让橡皮看起来立体

4、最后画上花纹

笔

1、首先画出笔的笔杆部分，画出与笔头相连的波浪边线后，往上画出三角形状的笔尖

2、接着在笔杆的底部画出固定底部橡皮擦的金属片圈

3、往下将橡皮补充出来后，画出笔杆上的线条与笔芯线条

人物

男生

1、画出人物脸型，耳朵和刘海

2、人物头发画好，人物五官画好

3、人物衣服、手脚画好

4、在衣服和鞋子上画上图案

女生

1、先画小女孩的帽子

2、在帽子下面画上小女孩的头发和脸部线条

3、画出小女孩的眼睛和嘴巴，并画出长发的线条

4、画出小女孩的上半身和手臂，裙子和双腿

%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"简笔画是一种利用简单的点、线、画等符号来表现物象基本特性的，简约而直观、形象、鲜明、生动的绘画形式。是指把复杂的形象简单化，形体结构是绘画最基本的要素，各种物体都有自己独特的构成因素。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoug24cQO8Eu4INuTY4w8uc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"基础知识","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnw2sIAuGK4UmC49AJkWw0g1"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"简笔画就是用最简练的线条和平面图形概括表现出物体的基本形状和主要特征，亦可以称减笔画。简笔画","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"不仅是一种实用性很强的通俗艺术形式，而且通过精练概括、简中求美，以少胜多的艺术思维和造型理念，广泛运用多种艺术造型形式，给人以物质精神的审美享受。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"注重图形体现的象征性，这是与一般速写的最大区别。简笔画看起来简单，然而是对物象特征的概括和提炼。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng64wYm64yGY0OOuPUhCrPh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"简笔画发展","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnakIYWWKwMsO0ioE7fOmJ6b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"小学英语教学中的简笔画称为“教学简笔画”。教学简笔画不同于一般绘画，它必须伴随着教学内容而存在，它的画面要和教学语言融为一体。它不在于写实，只在于写意传神，并且一挥而就，一学就会，不需要什么高深的绘画技巧，只需要稍加练习便可掌握。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn48ESsc86SuKGhRsZPw8cxb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"它是教学中直观生动的快捷演示，即教师在教学中利用黑板，以凝练、概括的图示形式，把文章重难点、中心意义显示出来，使学生更直观、形象地理解文章的重点、中心意义显示出来，使学生更直观、形象地理解文章内容的一种板书形式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0u42KcCwO0KqcTwz3PBhhe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":365,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"简笔画发展","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/17aaef9068df4b55b47a1e10d1f3ca0d","width":922},"text":"","id":"doxcnUGcgmCuAEEmkq8FWBDYG1b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"简笔画在小学英语教学中的运用能配合素质教育的实施和发展，不仅帮助学生灵活地学习运用英语还有利于学生完善自我，帮助培养创新精神，实践能力和审美情趣。而且使用起来非常方便，随时随地都可信手拈来，随需随画，对教学尤为适用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmQiOog4YOMWmM1hqZiCm8d"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":265,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"简笔画发展","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c72c84b8e5ea4fc2a84f52a6e9e3293e","width":352},"text":"","id":"doxcnowsAeMW2aoEMG4QZrrLtwg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"作为教师如何充分发挥简笔画的艺术特色，使其和小学英语教学完美结合。始终要注意贯彻“画中有话，话中有画”这一教学原则。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaUAccyCEGkYYPUc5Hiu9d9"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"教学情景","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnySIgKISKUMS246X0XKuL3d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"情景教学法适合低年级学生的学习规律，有利于培养学习兴趣和语言能力。儿童需要在轻松、快乐、得到鼓励的环境中学习。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"针对现在的多数学校来说，与课文配套的教学图片还不齐全，有些农村小学甚至都不具备这些教学图片，都拿实物来也不太实际。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsmgUgM2IYsgUAzq7kqZmyf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":239,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"教学情景","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/17e018ae22ea43eab22891d4753ff540","width":289},"text":"","id":"doxcnIOYc8uogy8OuKcWcMTxngh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"教师在教学活动中，无论是呈现新知识，还是巩固旧知识，都应尽最大努力，创造一个快乐、有趣、有意义的课堂语言气氛，而通过简笔画学单词，情况将会很不一样，它能为教学内容提供生动具体的情景，然后可以围绕这些情景去展开一系列的教学，使学生身在教室便有一种置身于英语文化中的感觉。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnacgeEUsWUeqMakfgoYoMig"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":327,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"教学情景","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a14bb7042bdf414a8366464d0b495662","width":500},"text":"","id":"doxcn4iQ4gCYYYi4g2habw9Llee"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"教学中常常会遇到一些无法用实物或场景表现的内容，则可以通过简笔画，配上一些表情、手势、动作等，使学生明白句子的意思和使用场合，达到句意相连，运用自如的效果。靠学生们抽象地死记硬背来掌握，枯燥而乏味，效果也自然不好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniSMuGG2G24eOyqkdtRpETd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"动物","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4QowGwcIA4UwQvYTDSCr7f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"鱼","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnu2YUaic0EgsAoLlkP6oGsf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、确定好主体鱼的位置，勾线笔勾出热带鱼的轮廓。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEEOCYKWwQAEEgFerUAZxec"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":452,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"鱼","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a6eac5401efa4cc195014d055688885d","width":759},"text":"","id":"doxcni2i8yikAg4es4dhsPjUkAg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":433,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"鱼","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e419855774bd4cdfb90c60c9ec17a85e","width":617},"text":"","id":"doxcnq2aweGw00muiovsTOaYWGc"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmYkCOi0Ymc4CIjA5Gvcm8g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、在身体的后面画上两条弯弯的对立的线，把它们连在一起，鱼尾巴就完成了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmYkCOi0Ymc4CIjA5Gvcm8g"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":397,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"鱼","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ec7d27df1a6e49aa82ee8acba3516480","width":655},"text":"","id":"doxcnMkwsC2kEa6qiqKGgTtQLqe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":376,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"鱼","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/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{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":643,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"树","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1db51f9651564e03a0353409f93f5ae3","width":476},"text":"","id":"doxcnieQQSKQyK2iU4JpMXhdFth"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"草","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOssaCK2M2YoiSYlkrpBijp"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、画一个小圆，下面画一条曲线","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngQioSIYYwGOkiEyd79wQCb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":286,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"草","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3e5a9cb292574aae8f8537b33382ab08","width":259},"text":"","id":"doxcnme8ySOCkI8iAMJtWIf7PDc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、曲线上面画两条横向的半椭圆线条","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsiw0AOw404AgMFdanhMpVZ"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":228,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"草","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a5a3fecf7acb41e2977aca5a2a0c356e","width":234},"text":"","id":"doxcnOAYoCYgwiC0smEUZO0l8Rh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、画上小叶子，还有小果子","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8mmCMUyS2EeoolasMDO6Pe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":298,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"草","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/60928c50c4384ffdb1dac29c378c864e","width":294},"text":"","id":"doxcnMYwcEQmEU2cSa7tM2mibdc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"物体","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuQuEIkwg6MKkEdwCtB2YOh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"尺子","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnia8koyAo48EgEXpdG8FkNg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、用黑色彩笔和直尺先画一个长方形，长度方向尽量长一些。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS4KEIYyCAGUAKK9a0BWECg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":170,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"尺子","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/19ee379f6b514d48913c8571b02c80a6","width":559},"text":"","id":"doxcnymuQsgaKoqYCkqlZVipAjy"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、沿着长方形左边画一条朝下的直线，宽的一半作为起始线，距离起始线一毫米画一条朝下的直线，是起始线的一半，一直画到五毫米的位置。重复上面的操作，画出另外一半，这样一厘米的位置就好了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnISkGKA2SGUwGSYI0Q0rlte"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":155,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"尺子","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3322d45a00d44c67807be964e8561f73","width":645},"text":"","id":"doxcnGYUsuUwoyCIuYjoBPABNCh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、继续上面的操作，直到画出十厘米的位置。并且在对应的长线下面写上0-10数字，在10数字下面写上单位cm。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmAeUOQkKY2Uoa4Qapy3rQn"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":124,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"尺子","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/73ac4352ee2547faa29d45c5be0c656e","width":626},"text":"","id":"doxcnEGMKGIC2eC0mcTanUpXuqh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"橡皮","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoIoumA2iEqiI6OwuPmzowj"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、画一个长方形","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKiqmmuGOCMAU8pcilxTlBe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":477,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"橡皮","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e48df18a057c4da09cc7602d9ebdae1e","width":689},"text":"","id":"doxcn6MOAyeIQMuwwqS1Sw5Orcc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、再画半圆形的橡皮头","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqy6GUsIK2ECCGsNb06LXRc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":524,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"橡皮","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4d1a68902103490fa51faa510d80ded7","width":761},"text":"","id":"doxcnkywsWog0UgCky2pmK94U2d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、画出边缘线条，让橡皮看起来立体","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMSaEKU8UOOIW6DCpckEFBb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":695,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"橡皮","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3ec702d3fd1c4c9e8595aec9b4905cad","width":752},"text":"","id":"doxcn4yEIMEeaGoCCmEANjQe8Hc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、最后画上花纹","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIa64YuWYYIWUiQ5BnLoQag"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":686,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"橡皮","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/dcf85b43b8e34e7b88cce9e203ca6790","width":798},"text":"","id":"doxcneeqwCIyY0uKCQAuD7iKueb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":" 笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnu0AGUO0suGs4uWDjEFnbWd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、首先画出笔的笔杆部分，画出与笔头相连的波浪边线后，往上画出三角形状的笔尖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqsMMOUeMgWiS4EBMQawp2b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":294,"note":[{"type":"text","text":" 笔","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/523f4159149d43faa4d62f5b14a0d367","width":445},"text":"","id":"doxcn6sUi6Yq28W2EA9crfCKGP8"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、接着在笔杆的底部画出固定底部橡皮擦的金属片圈","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCeGaWCcGSWqm4icj8pYYac"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":305,"note":[{"type":"text","text":" 笔","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b433cd012daf4315874663a3f0be6b0d","width":364},"text":"","id":"doxcnMOII0QoEI6AMOaY44alGGe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、往下将橡皮补充出来后，画出笔杆上的线条与笔芯线条","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQyEuI40gCMYaQvAPkSyYdc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":295,"note":[{"type":"text","text":" 笔","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/072cb43863b2471c86f2320d0377ef57","width":357},"text":"","id":"doxcnO00yWi4iycQMCOJXAasFpg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"人物","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnc8Syq6gwOyYqyW08WQMNpt"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"男生","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSuOuAys6Keo0WeOWlbcgbd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、画出人物脸型，耳朵和刘海","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnukEOYyKCkEYyuAqqfVU3hh"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":179,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"男生","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/11c64b3379e24cd3ab187757d196c85b","width":347},"text":"","id":"doxcn2UKMu2OMgEEQkbqc8wfW1d"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":244,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"男生","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0f73fc38200b4864b4098517dfbe5213","width":352},"text":"","id":"doxcnwUk6iIUQQaca0S541diQpS"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmiOAiiiuaucWUXpiFTrd3d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、人物头发画好，人物五官画好","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmiOAiiiuaucWUXpiFTrd3d"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":267,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"男生","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d0fdb85fd2c14b19b4c855250f7f7300","width":310},"text":"","id":"doxcnquC4q4uSAqq4kHH0RKug7b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":289,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"男生","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0fccfbe6296e4bcb8068dba432bb4c44","width":328},"text":"","id":"doxcn2cMic2UO0cOOue7a0t7GTd"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuOwU426egIIwEJOnEmLs7f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、人物衣服、手脚画好","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuOwU426egIIwEJOnEmLs7f"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":477,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"男生","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5c35252e262d4b3698080b4ecab5c7c6","width":395},"text":"","id":"doxcnEAKWmC0w8wsmS0nydLAYEc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":558,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"男生","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/532140dda1f14c7d9f56214febdd49aa","width":518},"text":"","id":"doxcnKIyCU0Ae2weuMVsFr1W2qe"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUokM8k82W6aaiuSalwWjBf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、在衣服和鞋子上画上图案","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUokM8k82W6aaiuSalwWjBf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":574,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"男生","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6a9cf4ccc1454737a97b22ddca40940a","width":518},"text":"","id":"doxcn6QWWWaSGWu0y2TrsKoD0qf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"女生","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6uquGWyAYyCg4e6xwpmFme"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、先画小女孩的帽子","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOyAc06Q2O6WUO8cvyBxeIh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":285,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"女生","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1c8fe7ca94b6492a92fe518fe2f60e20","width":469},"text":"","id":"doxcnSecsuM8KWK68uCVByfZZdc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、在帽子下面画上小女孩的头发和脸部线条","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO0K2gCqsIIkua4ZaDpCDlc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":297,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"女生","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0d097ae35bc34812a985edfad32f88d4","width":436},"text":"","id":"doxcnMmCOQuoCgCCCqldDrja64i"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、画出小女孩的眼睛和嘴巴，并画出长发的线条","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4c6gkKOkISyEmGzkDM0GYc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":388,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"女生","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f0d393dc6770482188ea2ca5a3c92c5c","width":390},"text":"","id":"doxcn6kGawkYYooaYO8UuFWoeRd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、画出小女孩的上半身和手臂，裙子和双腿","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQkIYkueAU2MCwTx7jm3dsd"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":517,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"女生","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c37d62ae901744bbb1b69eec4ebd6204","width":466},"text":"","id":"doxcn66M8wcEgYa8UIjwazWv14b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":625,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"女生","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2d2635a7d2934b89a18a09af412ffaac","width":452},"text":"","id":"doxcn6MCqy0qi6uiiU352jaBWTb"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnM6AOeIkeq4SA8bLI7ir8eh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnM6AOeIkeq4SA8bLI7ir8eh"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E

6. xy网络流行语是什么意思

对于很多热爱播音的人来说，学习播音不仅能让人具备更好的表达能力、思考能力、沟通能力、组织协调以及领导能力，而且学得好，可以实现当播音主持的梦想。那么如何学播音呢？

什么是播音

播音定义

播音的定义有广义和狭义的区分。

广义：指电台、电视台等电子传媒所进行的一切有关声音语言和副语言传播信息的活动。

狭义：播音员和节目主持人运用有声语言和副语言，通过广播电视传媒进行传播信息的创作。

播音的要求

发音正确,吐字正确。

用标准的普通话播读，特别要注意多音多义字，古诗文中特别要注意按意定音。不添字不少字不读破句，朗读清晰完整。

语速适当,用心感受

要抓住文章特点，使节奏流利和谐，缓急结合。

语调生动,轻重适宜

根据需要，分出轻重缓急，分清抑扬顿挫，表达出文章的思想感情。

播音学习技巧

对播音员而言，具备良好的语言表达能力犹如进入这一行的钥匙，假如无法打开这道门，就无法担任播音主持的工作。想要具备娴熟的语言表达能力、专业化的播音能力，就需播音员通过长时间努力练习及不断探索

普通话标准

普通话标准是播音主持上岗的基本条件，如何达到普通话标准呢？主要可以从以下几个方面着手。

声母

声母包含b、p、m、f、d、t、n、l、g、k、h、j、q、x、z、c、s、zh、ch、shi、r

声母按发音部位的分7类：

1、双唇阻:上唇与下唇成阻。下唇向上运动与上唇接触，双唇闭拢成阻。双唇阻声母有b、p、m。

2、唇齿阻:上门齿与下唇成阻。上唇稍抬，稍露出上齿，下唇向上，唇缘线与上门齿靠拢、接触成阻。唇齿阻声母有f。

3、舌尖前阻:舌尖与上门齿背成阻。舌尖平伸，与上门齿背接触或接近成阻。舌尖前阻声母有z、c、s。

4、舌尖中阻:舌尖与上门齿龈成阻。舌尖向前上方抬起与上门齿龈接触、抵住成阻。舌尖中阻声母有d、t、n、l。

5、舌尖后阻:舌尖与前硬腭成阻。舌体稍向后缩，舌尖向上方翘起，与硬腭前部接触或接近成阻。舌尖后阻声母有zh、ch、sh、r。

6、舌面阻:舌面前部与硬腭前部成阻。舌尖向下前伸抵住下齿背，舌面向上抬起，接触或接近硬腭前部成阻。舌面阻声母有j、q、x。

7、舌根阻:舌根与硬腭软腭交界处成阻。舌体后缩，舌根隆起与硬腭和软腭交界处接触或接近成阻。舌根阻声母有g、k、h。

韵母

按汉语语音学的传统分析方法，把汉语音节中声母以后的部分叫韵母。韵母由单元音或复合音充当，普通话中有39个别韵母。

1、10个单韵母：a、o、e、ê、i、u、ü、-i（前）、-i（后）、er

2、13个复韵母：ai、ei、ao、ou、ia、ie、ua、uo、üe、iao、iou、uai、uei

3、16个鼻韵母8前8后：an、en、in、ün、ian、uan、üan、uen、

ang、eng、ing、ong、iong、iang、uang、ueng

调值

声调是汉语音节结构中不可缺少的成分，它同声母、韵母一样，有区别意义的作用。

调值是指音节声调的相对音高。调值通常采用“五度标记法”记录，用一条竖线表示声音的高低，从下面最低点到最高点共分为五度，分别用1、2、3、4、5依次表示。

普通话各类声调的调值为：

阴平：高平调，55

阳平：高升调，35

上声：降升调，214

去声：全降调，51

练习方法

1、练习绕口令

通过绕口令练习，可以提高口语能力，把握住文字发音音准，学好拼音字母，掌握发音部位，反复进行训练，让自己普通话的发音准确度更高。

2、制定训练计划

要有计划的进行普通话训练，了解自己的基础，制定合理的计划，规定每天的练习量，以周为单位，在不断训练中查找不足，并不断提升。

3、掌握训练要领

坚持用普通话进行日常会话，可以读一些报纸上的文章，或者拿出词典，多多进行发音练习，提高发音准度。

气息控制

气息控制是播音从业人员需要达到的最基本要求。

播音发声气息的要求

一、持久的气息控制能力

气息控制是作为一个播音员的基本的条件，如果播音员播一篇长篇的稿件时要求声音由始至终保持一定力度，不减不衰，从容不迫，这就要求对气息有持久的控制能力。

二、气息控制要有稳劲儿

播音员要根据节目内容的要求调节气息压力，该强就强、该弱就弱，吸气量要大于日常说话，呼气时要保持较为稳定的压力，调节自如。

三、能做到快吸慢呼，并能根据需要及时补气

播音语言，一般句子长度比口语长，结构比较复杂，间歇比口语少而短。要把每个句子播得完整而有层次，就需要按照句子结构用气，绝不能因气不够用而停下来吸气，要求播音员呼气的持续时间要尽量长，而且要掌握在句子进行中补气、偷气的技巧。

四、做到短时间无声吸气

即要求播音员能作较长时间的呼气及保持一定的气息压力，吸气量就必须比平常大一些，吸气速度快一些，播音员依靠话筒传声，话筒灵敏度高，很容易混入吸气的杂音。而吸气杂音多，会给人不从容的感觉，甚至会使人厌烦。因而，播音员必须学会在短时间内吸气无声。

五、呼气时要注意的两点

1、尽量保持两助张开支撑感(实际仍会塌下收回一些)。

2、着重体会，在这种呼吸肌的配合中、靠腹肌收缩往外送气流的感觉。这一步练习主要体会胸腹联合式呼吸方式中，腹肌参与吸气、呼气控制、特别是收腹呼气的感觉。随着呼吸控制能力及隔肌与腹肌配合能力的增强，吸气量可加大到八、九成满，只需注意呼气时，仍不要有明显地“扼喉”感。

播音发声气息控制具体实施方法

没有气息，声带不能颤动发声。但只是声带发出声音是不够的。想要嗓音富于弹性、耐久，需要的是源源不断供给声带气流。

一、胸腹联合呼吸法

吸气后两肋扩大，横膈膜下降，小腹微收。胸腹联合呼吸法是朗读时应该掌握的方法。这种呼吸活动范围大、伸缩性强，可以使气息均匀平衡。理想的状态是做到“吸气一大片、呼气一条线；气断情不断，声断意不断”。

练习方法：

1、慢吸慢呼，双目平视前方、头正、肩放松，像在旷野呼吸花香一样，慢慢吸足气。要感觉到腰腹之间充气膨胀，气入丹田，但是要收小腹，保持几秒后，轻缓呼出。

可以在呼气的时候加入以下练习：呼气时练习xiao lan（拼音小兰），一声声渐渐远去，或者数数1、2、3、4……，嘴上用力，发音之间不要闭住声门，不要跑气换气，数得越多越好。

2、快吸慢呼，快速短促地吸气，并保持气息，呼气时缓缓呼出，配合声音，平稳均匀。

呼气时，可以通过以下发声练习：巴、拔、把、爸、低、答、底、大。

换气时，可以进行以下练习：广场上，红旗飘，看你能数多少旗，一面旗、两面旗、三面旗、四面、五面旗……，相声小品里的“数来宝”经常用这个形式，大家可以观察演员的呼吸。

二、强控制练习

要求气要吸得深并保持一定量，呼气要均匀、通畅、灵活。强控制练习需要一点声乐练习知识，在这里不好介绍。大家可以回想：《智取威虎山》里杨子荣喝酒唱歌那一段，最后结尾有个“啊—哈、哈、哈、哈哈哈……”基本的感觉就是这样。要体会膈肌和腹肌的作用，发声的时候气息是应该下沉的。

参考练习诗词：岳飞《满江红》、毛泽东《忆秦娥·娄山关》、陈然《我的“自白”书》，新闻联播播音员在播报简讯的时候，一般都用强控制。

三、弱控制练习

1、吸气深呼气匀。缓慢持续地发出ai、uai、uang、iang四个音。

2、夸大声调，延长发音，控制气息。花红柳绿H—ua、H—ong、L—iu、L—v（发音时，声母和韵母之间气息拉长，要均匀、不断气）。

3、通过夸大连续，控制气息，扩展音域。

参考练习诗词：李白《静夜思》、孟浩然《春晓》等。气息控制训练可以把握“深（吸得深）、匀（呼得匀）、通（气通畅）、活（用灵活）”四字方针，注意气息和内容的结合。单纯的语音、气息训练效果并不好，需要大家在实际朗读过程中不断体会、运用。

共鸣控制

共鸣对于播音发声的重要性体现在播音是以言语发声的过程，要想声音圆润集中，需要改变共鸣条件。

共鸣控制要领

根据解剖学原理，共鸣器官能够受控并随意活动的是软腭、咽部和舌部，共鸣控制主要关注这三部门肌肉的活动组成结果。

1、提起颧肌

颧肌稍带紧张感，使该部位肌肉向外上方稍稍提起，这就是提颧肌。提颧肌能使我们的发音更清晰、明亮。

2、打开牙

指双侧上后槽牙保持向上提起的感觉。这样就加大了口腔开度丰富了共鸣。考生可以用含有“Q”的音节来做夸张的练习，将会取得明显效果。

3、放松下巴

下巴紧张会导致舌根和喉头的紧张，进而导致发声吃力，声音也将发紧，有意的放松下巴就会使我们的发声吐字更加自如。

共鸣分类及训练

1、口腔共鸣：口腔共鸣的获得是要在发音时，口腔自然上下打开，笑肌微提，下腭自然放下稍后拉，上腭有上提的感觉。口腔共鸣发声最主要的一点，是发声的时候鼻咽要关闭，不产生鼻泄露。

通过下列练习大家可以体会一下，基本都是以开口元音为主练习：ba、da、ga、pa、ta、ka、peng、pa、pi、pu、pai。普通话的四个声调，准确的叫法是第一声—阴平，第二声—阳平，第三声—上声，第四声—去声。我们在进行声音训练的时候，多用阴平声调进行，这样有利于体会声音和气息。

词组练习：澎湃、冰雹、拍照、平静、批评，哗啦啦、噼啪啪、咣啷啷、扑嗵嗵、胡噜噜、快乐、宣纸、挫折、菊花、捐助、吹捧。

绕口令：山上五株树，架上五壶醋，林中五只鹿，柜中五条裤，伐了山上树，取下架上醋，捉住林中鹿，拿出柜中裤。

2、鼻腔共鸣：鼻腔共鸣是声波在鼻骨上的振动，即将声音的焦点定位在鼻腔。

鼻腔共鸣是通过软腭来实现的，标准的鼻辅音m，n和ng就是这样发声的。有人觉得鼻音重显得声音好听、有厚度，但是过多的鼻音有如感冒，是不好的。发a、i、u的音，加点鼻腔共鸣体会，加鼻辅音ma、mi、mu、na、ni、nu。

词组练习：妈妈、光芒、中央、接纳、头脑。

蓝蓝的天上白云飘，白云下面马儿跑，挥动鞭儿响四方，百鸟齐飞翔。

3、胸腔共鸣：是指声带振动激起气管内空气柱振动而传送到肺再扩及整个胸腔引起共振产生的整个共鸣包括横隔膜以上至气管顶端的整个脑区。

胸腔的空间及共鸣能量大，发出的声音有深度和宽度，声音更浑厚、宽广。“a”元音直上、直下、滑动练习。词组练习：百炼成钢、翻江倒海、追悔莫及。

小柳树满地栽，金花谢，银花开。

声音的弹性

声音弹性，是指播音时声音形式对不同播讲内容和形式的适应能力。声音弹性包括声音的高与低、强与弱、实与虚、明与暗、刚与柔、厚与薄、纵与收等多层次对比变化。

声音弹性的特点

1、可变性，不同语调和情感。

2、对比性，有起有伏。

3、复合性，不会单独存在，是多种结合的，如虚低，高实。

声音弹性训练方法

1、虚实练习

虚实练声方法是：吸一口气，然后屏住呼吸，让声门保持在闭合状态，开始发音，此时声音是响亮的实声。然后逐渐打开声门，声音由明亮到柔和的音色变化，这个时候注意体会喉咙的感觉，刚柔、厚薄、明暗等变化。

2、高低声练习

a、i、u由低音向上滑动，再从高音向下滑动。

这个练习主要可以锻炼自己对于音色的精细识别能力和控制能力，可以在自己不断的练习中感受。可以进行不同音高的朗读练习。用一句话，或一首诗，变化着不同的音高来进行练习。

如：“飞流直下三千尺，疑是银河落九天。”

先用习惯音高朗读一遍，然后逐渐降低音调朗读，读到不太能胜任的音高时又逐渐提高音调读，也是读到自己还能胜任的最高音为止。

3、强弱练习

远距离对话练习，练习时随时改变距离。

甲：喂—，喂—，小芳—

乙：嗳—

甲：快—来—啊—

乙：怎么了—呀—

甲：一起去看—电—影—吧

乙：好—啊！

夸张声音练习法：注意加大运动幅度，用丹田气发声。

快板是最明显的例子，想象说快板的演员发声的状态，自己找一段快板试试，体会声音的弹性。

4、练唱音阶法

声音音高与声带张力成正比例。

如果想提高音高，就须加强声带张力。反之则减弱。所以，进行音高的变化练习能有效地发展和增强声带伸缩变化的控制能力。

其中最有效的练习办法是利用钢琴来练唱音阶，在自己力所能及的音域内半度半度地下降，半度半度地上升，进行反复练习。没有条件的则可借鉴京剧演员喊嗓子的练声法，做绕音练习，从基础音开始，逐渐地向高、低音两头扩展。

发音中的情声气

语言是传递信息和交流思想情感的工具，存在于人际交流的有声语言情感，语声和气息是一个系统中的几个方面。

情:是指在播音过程中播音员服务于播，讲目的由具体稿件或者话题引发，并由有声语言表达出来，始终运动着情感情，情我们进行播音创作的依据。

声:声是播音员依据稿件或话题，使发声器官运用播音技巧所发出的表达思想情感包含大量信息，并通过电声设备进行传播，经过科学训练的规范化艺术化的有声语言。

气：气指的是在播音过程中未时有声，语言传情达意，播音员所控制自如使用胸腹式联合呼吸法所获得的发生动力。

情声气要求

1、情感需要具备最丰富的并能随时调动起来的思想情感，一方面播音员节目主持人要不断的加强自己的修养，锻炼和培养自己的政治艺术素养，使自己具备宽广的胸怀、纯真的情操、美好的憧憬、深邃的境界、蓬勃的志趣、灵动的活力等等，另一方面调动起来的运动者的思想情感一定要服从于稿件或话题的界定，服务于播讲目的。

2、对声音的要求是要能够充分的表达各类不同稿件所确定的不同层次，不同色彩的情感，能清晰明确的传递稿件所载有的所有信息，并具有各自声音形象特点。

3、播音发声对气息的要求是能符合播音员进行播音创作的要求，有一定力度呼吸控制自如完美的配合发声的气息。

总之，情感要取其高声音要取其中气息，要取其深以达到自整，腔圆清晰持久，刚柔自如声情并茂的境地。

发声练习常见的问题及矫正方法

虚声过多

主要表现：声音不实在，有些无力，没有足够的亮度和响度。

矫正方法：虚声过多的学生，要注意锻炼唇舌的力度，练习一些响亮实在的词语和绕口令，如“百步穿杨”“中国伟大”等力度较大的词组，以及绕口令《八百标兵》《白庙和白猫》等。新闻播音当中，基本以实声为主，一般不出现虚声，而且换气声不要太大。

声音过于靠后

主要表现：声音沉重，不明亮。发声过程中也容易疲劳和不适。

矫正方法：注意“两头紧中间松”，口腔和小腹加强控制，喉部保持松弛。舌根要灵活，不要太生硬。注意与口腔共鸣的调节方法相结合。

鼻音偏重

主要表现：声音暗淡，不响亮，影响语言的清晰度。

矫正方法：注意软腭挺起，牙关打开，减少过多的气流经过鼻腔。克服口腔、双唇的无力状态，保持积极的播音状态，不可过于懒散。

声音分散

主要表现：声音不集中，不饱满，冲击力不强。

矫正方法：在发声的时候注意嘴唇中间三分之一部分用力，力量不可过于分散。注意气流冲击硬腭前端，也就是我们说的声挂硬腭，使声音更集中，更有冲击力。

缺乏弹性

主要表现：声音缺乏变化，没有抑扬顿挫的对比。

矫正方法：加强对比训练，包括高与低，快与慢的对比训练等。高与低的训练，可以练习声音的爬高与降低。比如“伟大的祖国，伟大的人民”这句话，可以先逐渐升高地说，然后再逐级下降地说，体会声音的高低变化，丰富声音的层次。快与慢的训练，可以用不同速度来说一句话。比如“班干部不管班干部”这句话，可以分别用快速和慢速来练习，体会快与慢的变化。声音弹性的获得还需要情感的支撑，加强情声气结合。

日常学习方法

朗读朗诵

读书，大声读书。天天坚持朗读文章，既训练咬字敏捷清楚，又能掌握更多文学常识，更关键的是对播音大有益处，清喉扩胸，纳乾坤之气，成皓然之身。需要多读相关著作文章，每日坚持朗读三十分钟以上。

录像练习

倘若时间需要，每过一阵子，把声音和演讲内容进行视频拍摄，接着反复观看，探讨哪里存在问题导致卡壳，姿势和神情是否不自然，久而久之，口才以及心态表现都会有明显进步。

速读

找来一则演说稿或一则其辞优美散文片段。先把原文中不明白的字、词弄明白，接着开始朗读。通常刚开始朗读速率比较慢，之后逐次逐次加快，直到你能够做到的最快速率。朗读过程中不可以有间断，读音要准确无误，咬字要清楚，要尽可能保证发音的完整。速读一定要建立在咬字清楚、读音干净整齐的前提上。大伙儿都有听过体育频道的解说员的解说，他们的解说就让人有快而不乱的感觉，每个字、每个音都发得十分清楚，没有含混不清的地方。播音希望做到的快也就是这种快，咬字清楚，而不是只为快而快。

即兴读物

日常余暇时，随意拿张旧报纸，随机翻到一段话，接着一鼓作气读下来。在朗读过程中，尽量控制上半句看稿子，下半句离开稿子看前面(假设前面有听众)。长此以往能加强记忆力，提高理解和即兴构思能力。

转述法

转述法就是把他人说的话重新地讲述一次。需要找一位伙伴一同进行。第一步，请另一方随便讲一个话题，亦或是故事。自己需注意聆听。然后再向另一方转述一次。练习在于训练语言的衔接性、实地临场发挥能力以及语言表达组织能力。倘若能面对观众转述就更佳，还能够训练你的胆量，摆脱焦虑不安心理。

模仿

大多数人自小便会模仿父母或大人说话。实际上模仿的过程也是一种学习。儿时学讲话是向父母及身边人学习。那么，练习口才同样也可以利用模仿法，对有相关专场的人模仿，如电视主持。久而久之，口语表达能力也会有所提高。

①模仿特定个人。生活上找一位语言表达能力强的人，请他讲些精彩说话，拍摄下来，供你进行模仿。也可以把你喜欢又适合模仿的主播、艺人、相声家等的表演记录下来进行模仿。

嗓音的保护

科学练声

1、练声过程必须按照：“以情带声、以声传情、以情运气、气随情动；以情用声、声随情变；声情并茂、传情达意”的要求来进行。

2、在练习时，要注意发“暖声”，状态应该积极热情，面部呈“似微笑”状。同时还应该把握住练声的顺序，那就是—声音由小到大、由弱渐强、由低至高、由近及远、由实转虚、由短到长、由柔到刚。有些人在用声时喉部负担过重，有的胸口僵硬、气息沉不下来，还有的人声音过刚过直等等，这类要尽快改掉毛病，掌握科学的发声方法，通过大量练习完成量变到质变的过程。

3、避免超时超量超负荷运作，一般来说，晨练控制在20分钟至半小时为宜，主要目的是把嗓子练开、练舒服，切不可盲目加大嗓音运动量。在嗓音疲劳的时候，可以用气泡音来帮助消除疲劳。气泡音是弱气流冲击声带，声带在压力最自然的状态下发出的音，是一种很好的声带保健方法。

它的具体做法是这样的，喉要放松，喉结处于适中的位置，气吸到五到七成，发出比较明亮的颗粒性比较强的气泡音。最好以“啊”音的延长音作为练习材料【a----------】【a----------】【a-------------】。如果一时发不好，可以反复做几次伸舌的动作，把舌头用力地向外伸，张大口，这样可以起到调节喉结紧张度的作用。在喉部松弛的情况下再来发音。气泡音在练声前发可以起到活动开声带的作用，在练声后发能起到保健按摩的作用。在练声前后常做此练习可以有效的提高发声的效率。

日常注意事项

1、根据自身的嗓音条件，扬长避短、量力而行、循序渐进、持之以恒。一般来说，只要方法科学，练习得法，好嗓子是可以练出来的。

2、增强体育锻炼。发音器官健康与否，很大程度上取决于身体的健康状况。对于播音员主持人以及其他学习者来说，适当的增强耐力性的体育锻炼，例如跑步等等，能有效地提高我们呼吸肌肉群对于气息的控制力，从而大大提高发声的效率。

3、睡眠要充足，睡眠不足会引起声带充血、喉肌疲劳，致使声音黯淡嘶哑。

4、养成良好的生活习惯、饮食习惯。要避免烟酒刺激，抽烟会使声带粘膜干燥、充血、肥厚，使喉下分泌物增多，从而引起声音变低、音色昏暗沙哑等等。饮酒除了辛辣对喉部的直接刺激以外，还会使大脑以及发声器官功能失调。进行嗓音工作前半小时最好不要吃油腻的食品，否则容易造成嗓子不清爽、发粘。

5、女生例假期间，不要高声练习，最好少用嗓，因为这期间往往伴随声带充血、水肿，如果高声练习，容易产生声带小结。这时可以做些无声练习，例如唇舌力量、口腔开合度以及气息训练等等。

6、剧烈运动后不宜喝冷饮。人在运动时，声带处于发热充血状态。这时如果喝冷饮，声带遇冷会不正常收缩，长此以往，容易引起声带的病变。

总之，好的嗓子是按照科学的方法，经过严格的训练得来的。使用与保护是同时进行的，切不可盲目使用而不去保护，长此以往，声音变坏，甚至患严重喉疾病，被迫离开播音主持岗位，就很可惜了。

心理素质的培养

1、播音主持人在紧张的压力下会出现一系列相应的系统变化，如声带绷紧导致声音变高、变窄、声音抖动，呼吸急促导致气浅气浮；身体姿势和动作会发生变化，协作变得不自然，笨拙甚至僵硬；思维也会变得混乱等。

2、良好的心理素质是播音主持人需要具备的职业素养之一。在播音前，首先要克服紧张的情绪。紧张的情绪很多时候是自信心不足造成的，要增强自信心就需要播音主持人对节目的全过程有总体的把握，同时对可能出现的问题要考虑周全，设定出应对措施。

3、在发声时，让声音准确、清晰、流畅，富于表现力和感染力的前提是优秀的心理素质。充足的自信心可以鼓舞士气，使身心处于亢奋状态，促使大脑的积极思考，反应敏捷。

学习途径

大学

在播音领域排名第一的是中国传媒大学，其次是浙江传媒大学，如果有志于学习播音的同学，可以以上面两所学校，作为自己的目标。

校外的实体学校

因为播音方面的学习，不像英语班或者学生学习的补习班那样的普及，这方面的学校一个省也就那么几个吧，不是太多的，非常的稀少，而这方面的市场需求又很大，所以这一块学习的相关支出是非常大的。

自学

自学播音主持是可以的，但是比较难，需要找对方法并认真学习。

%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"对于很多热爱播音的人来说，学习播音不仅能让人具备更好的表达能力、思考能力、沟通能力、组织协调以及领导能力，而且学得好，可以实现当播音主持的梦想。那么如何学播音呢？","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKQ0mCi6QmeCiEVCoSASpSg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"什么是播音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8IQos808SykemqDi6GcUKh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"播音定义","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng8e02Ya0aGosMFKSZ346xe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"播音的定义有广义和狭义的区分。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnm0eIq2kiOeo6w6lSRd6NwM"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"广义：指电台、电视台等电子传媒所进行的一切有关声音语言和副语言传播信息的活动。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn48WCsaAiy4gIUVUbJkINTc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"狭义：播音员和节目主持人运用有声语言和副语言，通过广播电视传媒进行传播信息的创作。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMkcCIoUgOigQeA6kdlw1od"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":584,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"播音定义","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e20e7d8d37804569829ca3dc289c4266","width":1036},"text":"","id":"doxcnmOsCGeEoYkygQFqJ58ebJc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcno8yaaCGiSieIIJTcnR81ee"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"播音的要求","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8gAUicKiiYgeMU6mea4gvR"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"发音正确,吐字正确。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQyW8M8oKOAcOQh6UIbzoCb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"用标准的普通话播读，特别要注意多音多义字，古诗文中特别要注意按意定音。不添字不少字不读破句，朗读清晰完整。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnG48AuiWgcGaiOSg5eReJ4g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"语速适当,用心感受","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn48sqQ6QQuMGsKLM1WtQiW6"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"要抓住文章特点，使节奏流利和谐，缓急结合。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8k0UceYa04acJxxeh2K5FT"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"语调生动,轻重适宜","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmOKoyIC6OO4OYjqTU0yeie"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"根据需要，分出轻重缓急，分清抑扬顿挫，表达出文章的思想感情。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnu0MsKoIkCECwo7RXn1VK9b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":450,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"语调生动,轻重适宜","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2a376655c146424dbb5ccb8fc1381c1f","width":600},"text":"","id":"doxcnEWuQCyewgEawHVyXrWOgE7"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCU4aoieqyOaYNHTKq0Qnhu"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"播音学习技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMGqIaoCqOguoyus43oK0ib"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对播音员而言，具备良好的语言表达能力犹如进入这一行的钥匙，假如无法打开这道门，就无法担任播音主持的工作。想要","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"具备娴熟的语言表达能力、专业化的播音能力，就需播音员通过长时间努力练习及不断探索","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEyOyqEQ6w06UD7S02oUvkq"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"普通话标准","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4Qi8wiaAOqOo2VIFEvwSrd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"普通话标准是播音主持上岗的基本条件，如何达到普通话标准呢？主要可以从以下几个方面着手。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsq2s6A00OGuAwf9cS66pXd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"声母","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuYse8e4a42yaCwMtn8jqPd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"声母包含b、p、m、f、d、t、n、l、g、k、h、j、q、x、z、c、s、zh、ch、shi、r","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAQsMAwgoyMq687kEaCpoye"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"声母按发音部位的分7类：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniuQ2syuUWKGAaWD98guzVb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、双唇阻:上唇与下唇成阻。下唇向上运动与上唇接触，双唇闭拢成阻。双唇阻声母有b、p、m。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaSqWCIoA6wSae4H8sy3hjR"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、唇齿阻:上门齿与下唇成阻。上唇稍抬，稍露出上齿，下唇向上，唇缘线与上门齿靠拢、接触成阻。唇齿阻声母有f。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWWcgU068iKcysHNQZEz1ib"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、舌尖前阻:舌尖与上门齿背成阻。舌尖平伸，与上门齿背接触或接近成阻。舌尖前阻声母有z、c、s。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMEggASY02SsGK4rdtOCOmf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、舌尖中阻:舌尖与上门齿龈成阻。舌尖向前上方抬起与上门齿龈接触、抵住成阻。舌尖中阻声母有d、t、n、l。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWSGcGwAAMiuEsdrMzC8yEh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、舌尖后阻:舌尖与前硬腭成阻。舌体稍向后缩，舌尖向上方翘起，与硬腭前部接触或接近成阻。舌尖后阻声母有zh、ch、sh、r。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkIyQsuYw4a20CaOiAsIbMb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、舌面阻:舌面前部与硬腭前部成阻。舌尖向下前伸抵住下齿背，舌面向上抬起，接触或接近硬腭前部成阻。舌面阻声母有j、q、x。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqm2CC8ckE62WO42xKGUmDb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、舌根阻:舌根与硬腭软腭交界处成阻。舌体后缩，舌根隆起与硬腭和软腭交界处接触或接近成阻。舌根阻声母有g、k、h。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKUwIC8CCoyYaknQTBP6hJf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"韵母","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniOwEISookeekyUntzscm2d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"按汉语语音学的传统分析方法，把汉语音节中声母以后的部分叫韵母。韵母由单元音或复合音充当，普通话中有39个别韵母。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnG6IuOgmqa6Y068bp5Mab5f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、10个单韵母：a、o、e、ê、i、u、ü、-i（前）、-i（后）、er","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQUUUCugmG8i0UUx3QGqmfc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、13个复韵母：ai、ei、ao、ou、ia、ie、ua、uo、üe、iao、iou、uai、uei","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn22GqeKsko8EK41ykNGsbnh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、16个鼻韵母8前8后：an、en、in、ün、ian、uan、üan、uen、","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuqUywGIy0a8MUzVfadKEsh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"ang、eng、ing、ong、iong、iang、uang、ueng","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYEaiOiMqes0ukp8w2M9oTb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":537,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"韵母","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/20cb2f4943434647bd64a1f6060e4a2e","width":720},"text":"","id":"doxcnuEycEq8c06M0oXfPEsSude"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"调值","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOIKuiEGa8M6ScJ1vNqxWaf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"声调是汉语音节结构中不可缺少的成分，它同声母、韵母一样，有区别意义的作用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOuGGCWww6SCE4GaNFMg3Q6"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"调值是指音节声调的相对音高。调值通常采用“五度标记法”记录，用一条竖线表示声音的高低，从下面最低点到最高点共分为五度，分别用1、2、3、4、5依次表示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOoSyWCeY8482KQ0Bx604vd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"普通话各类声调的调值为：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnickoGMCqm2EIyeqeya43Xf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"阴平：高平调，55","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUGKOw8Igu8gQcQaJKBWFrb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"阳平：高升调，35","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGWaOYeSM0yM2OmWa9prVTg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"上声：降升调，214","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGguGKSWm8EUIsTYKLq9ijf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"去声：全降调，51","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2g2S0sGum20w6xlg07JKKe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":570,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"调值","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/24e822024d284a1891f388f97908f858","width":828},"text":"","id":"doxcnMsQoYYWGaCw4uAPNN73rzb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaUeCUciKeKYOkBnha4sR0g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、练习绕口令","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnss6IiqIu0AmsGSYeqYeich"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"通过绕口令练习，可以提高口语能力，把握住文字发音音准，学好拼音字母，掌握发音部位，反复进行训练，让自己普通话的发音准确度更高。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmycM24CiKY6QsM8Y9yiVhb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、制定训练计划","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnY40qS2QIow4I8qLOuaoGJb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"要有计划的进行普通话训练，了解自己的基础，制定合理的计划，规定每天的练习量，以周为单位，在不断训练中查找不足，并不断提升。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMgekkQqUsy8k6g0nPatdof"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、掌握训练要领","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMs6goemswaAOq2w7rhRe2b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"坚持用普通话进行日常会话，可以读一些报纸上的文章，或者拿出词典，多多进行发音练习，提高发音准度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneW8MysAam6YicXlVzHoxJc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":300,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习方法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/acc2adaf0ca94163904c39cf31e3eec0","width":500},"text":"","id":"doxcnk6QQgSuCGgEKUPijS7GWlc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"气息控制","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniCKm004WwEqKSEEn5EK87g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"气息控制是播音从业人员需要达到的最基本要求。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoUgE6AIkOYe4eq6Kpgk4fb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"播音发声气息的要求","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKg8kMm0YqqeqUbJmXlXLWc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一、持久的气息控制能力","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOiu4EEIwY6ko6VBsNqpe67"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"气息控制是作为一个播音员的基本的条件，如果播音员播一篇长篇的稿件时要求声音由始至终保持一定力度，不减不衰，从容不迫，这就要求对气息有持久的控制能力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSuSK0cYu8Qu4kbw4e4SfId"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"二、气息控制要有稳劲儿","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAOgg4kcu0MMG4yqXdrCwPj"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"播音员要根据节目内容的要求调节气息压力，该强就强、该弱就弱，吸气量要大于日常说话，呼气时要保持较为稳定的压力，调节自如。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqOguqKMyyEs4I5wXwkbzyg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三、能做到快吸慢呼，并能根据需要及时补气","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSwqy2usOiGmkG0YtgHEwcf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"播音语言，一般句子长度比口语长，结构比较复杂，间歇比口语少而短。要把每个句子播得完整而有层次，就需要按照句子结构用气，绝不能因气不够用而停下来吸气，要求播音员呼气的持续时间要尽量长，而且要掌握在句子进行中补气、偷气的技巧。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuwoiAwUY0GASEFKOEiIdk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lan（拼音小兰），一声声渐渐远去，或者数数1、2、3、4……，嘴上用力，发音之间不要闭住声门，不要跑气换气，数得越多越好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng8iyoEyykm22CsVTJE5nAc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、快吸慢呼，快速短促地吸气，并保持气息，呼气时缓缓呼出，配合声音，平稳均匀。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8KKUSk8yaISEYF36pQWzsf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"呼气时，可以通过以下发声练习：巴、拔、把、爸、低、答、底、大。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoQQKWYaSUcgOsnOUvrmiKd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"换气时，可以进行以下练习：广场上，红旗飘，看你能数多少旗，一面旗、两面旗、三面旗、四面、五面旗……，相声小品里的“数来宝”经常用这个形式，大家可以观察演员的呼吸。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2eiSo46Wq66kUZUmE18XSg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni6oYcqmgEKKC0PdiMZVQN5"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":377,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"播音发声气息控制具体实施方法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b8ba113e2df949d9ba1bd306d39a09ad","width":589},"text":"","id":"doxcnqoAyAe6qm0gciMFhE0Zp0d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二、强控制练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnk8aS0kg6m4ckmESCKGRhmh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"要求气要吸得深并保持一定量，呼气要均匀、通畅、灵活。强控制练习需要一点声乐练习知识，在这里不好介绍。大家可以回想：《智取威虎山》里杨子荣喝酒唱歌那一段，最后结尾有个“啊—哈、哈、哈、哈哈哈……”基本的感觉就是这样。要体会膈肌和腹肌的作用，发声的时候气息是应该下沉的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOyuMG6SggaU66CBu3QuMEh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"参考练习诗词：岳飞《满江红》、毛泽东《忆秦娥·娄山关》、陈然《我的“自白”书》，新闻联播播音员在播报简讯的时候，一般都用强控制。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnc6iSwAUMgKIWIhlc3GDZlh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"三、弱控制练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQsCQSOwGWCkYKONR4rNmNd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、吸气深呼气匀。缓慢持续地发出ai、uai、uang、iang四个音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsseW4woWao8Io55wUQmHpd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、夸大声调，延长发音，控制气息。花红柳绿","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"H—ua、H—ong、L—iu、L—","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"v（发音时，声母和韵母之间气息拉长，要均匀、不断气）。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnG8KgQ4QW24EqIjSOx3Dpvh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、通过夸大连续，控制气息，扩展音域。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnc2066YeCYoWuA5axY6L29f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"参考练习诗词：李白《静夜思》、孟浩然《春晓》等。气息控制训练可以把握“深（吸得深）、匀（呼得匀）、通（气通畅）、活（用灵活）”四字方针，注意气息和内容的结合。单纯的语音、气息训练效果并不好，需要大家在实际朗读过程中不断体会、运用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngoyaSYCSisK6i7xYaI3EOa"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":277,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"播音发声气息控制具体实施方法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ba87e92bdc874c9fb5a9c16bd620ef93","width":443},"text":"","id":"doxcnIkUukwQUu0CgymKAWjZCMe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"共鸣控制","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8OgeOEoSYYOg82d11hV6Ac"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"共鸣对于播音发声的重要性体现在播音是以言语发声的过程，要想声音圆润集中，需要改变共鸣条件。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuWWs4mEMssgaiG60jbgk0g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"共鸣控制要领","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnu4KYESoMqy6wmg7qqYQzY4"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"根据解剖学原理，共鸣器官能够受控并随意活动的是软腭、咽部和舌部，共鸣控制主要关注这三部门肌肉的活动组成结果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4IESICikGE4SOuqSjPYOZf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、提起颧肌","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEoU4Y8SSUQ4KuwQOuWvKZc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"颧肌稍带紧张感，使该部位肌肉向外上方稍稍提起，这就是提颧肌。提颧肌能使我们的发音更清晰、明亮。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCUwyWIGi2uCiQJ4I9gi6pb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、打开牙","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6QOMAkeSgosgUD0kLFtG5e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"指双侧上后槽牙保持向上提起的感觉。这样就加大了口腔开度丰富了共鸣。考生可以用含有“Q”的音节来做夸张的练习，将会取得明显效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnW2qMQWiiSC4gCEFzJnRSsc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、放松下巴","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSMmMsoaioaCKGKA0tgxnth"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"下巴紧张会导致舌根和喉头的紧张，进而导致发声吃力，声音也将发紧，有意的放松下巴就会使我们的发声吐字更加自如。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnag6mESMUCWeAyq0bhQ3sSh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"共鸣分类及训练","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKQyq4M0gSewOCkzz5DU9tc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、口腔共鸣：口腔共鸣的获得是要在发音时，口腔自然上下打开，笑肌微提，下腭自然放下稍后拉，上腭有上提的感觉。口腔共鸣发声最主要的一点，是发声的时候鼻咽要关闭，不产生鼻泄露。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCK242aIESIYoaCmdGmiNKh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"通过下列练习大家可以体会一下，基本都是以开口元音为主练习：ba、da、ga、pa、ta、ka、peng、pa、pi、pu、pai。普通话的四个声调，准确的叫法是第一声—阴平，第二声—阳平，第三声—上声，第四声—去声。我们在进行声音训练的时候，多用阴平声调进行，这样有利于体会声音和气息。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYq4Y68kwoiGW0wUFLK6FBb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"词组练习：澎湃、冰雹、拍照、平静、批评，哗啦啦、噼啪啪、咣啷啷、扑嗵嗵、胡噜噜、快乐、宣纸、挫折、菊花、捐助、吹捧。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmSI2MMiiKYIc2JsxMuGGBh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"绕口令：山上五株树，架上五壶醋，林中五只鹿，柜中五条裤，伐了山上树，取下架上醋，捉住林中鹿，拿出柜中裤。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwo8CQUQ28uMSS2MaOYv3Kd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、鼻腔共鸣：鼻腔共鸣是声波在鼻骨上的振动，即将声音的焦点定位在鼻腔。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnI2UmU8a8w2uukRBDbSJs0e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"鼻腔共鸣是通过软腭来实现的，标准的鼻辅音m，n和ng就是这样发声的。有人觉得鼻音重显得声音好听、有厚度，但是过多的鼻音有如感冒，是不好的。发a、i、u的音，加点鼻腔共鸣体会，加鼻辅音ma、mi、mu、na、ni、nu。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKuQKkkW4UUYeoFaepZ750c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"词组练习：妈妈、光芒、中央、接纳、头脑。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneamQWggW4uy4u6cD6C5iYc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"蓝蓝的天上白云飘，白云下面马儿跑，挥动鞭儿响四方，百鸟齐飞翔。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0sAWusKK44myWKSLISMkNh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、胸腔共鸣：是指声带振动激起气管内空气柱振动而传送到肺再扩及整个胸腔引起共振产生的整个共鸣包括横隔膜以上至气管顶端的整个脑区。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsaGkc2kEmcoqWIBqB8Kqeb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"胸腔的空间及共鸣能量大，发出的声音有深度和宽度，声音更浑厚、宽广。“a”元音直上、直下、滑动练习。词组练习：百炼成钢、翻江倒海、追悔莫及。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIQmQsOksqwG0iiC6g7rnDe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"小柳树满地栽，金花谢，银花开。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIy8W2oU8KCg1rcQLXD1bcu"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":300,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"共鸣分类及训练","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3a3b97baf4a34bc1abc921726774778c","width":500},"text":"","id":"doxcnICoiWOKeAo8IOqMkQcu7Oh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"声音的弹性","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkk2sEuII88o8Qxb0snvEne"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"声音弹性，是指播音时声音形式对不同播讲内容和形式的适应能力。声音弹性包括声音的高与低、强与弱、实与虚、明与暗、刚与柔、厚与薄、纵与收等多层次对比变化。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcne2MiAWA0wUQE6somUzgVgg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"声音弹性的特点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIsO4kUqCQ4C2uKjRgucrfe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、可变性，不同语调和情感。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6CIo8SyUceSAaMgUtT9Xsc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、对比性，有起有伏。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkso4AGE8OOOiCEA2t2WQqe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、复合性，不会单独存在，是多种结合的，如虚低，高实。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8wOiKAoyeCAiYFTeqMYRle"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"声音弹性训练方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEkkimyM80iEaAxVtZ4Ggae"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、虚实练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmikKGSEG4sWqEBKISBwABe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"虚实练声方法是：吸一口气，然后屏住呼吸，让声门保持在闭合状态，开始发音，此时声音是响亮的实声。然后逐渐打开声门，声音由明亮到柔和的音色变化，这个时候注意体会喉咙的感觉，刚柔、厚薄、明暗等变化。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmWeGsQ4qiMEokTwAJI4Lid"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、高低声练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwu4mecEsws48m8fZDUNsOc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"a、i、u由低音向上滑动，再从高音向下滑动。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsaycc2SEAckK8TdWavwg8d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这个练习主要可以锻炼自己对于音色的精细识别能力和控制能力，可以在自己不断的练习中感受。可以进行不同音高的朗读练习。用一句话，或一首诗，变化着不同的音高来进行练习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyCWWGMSaAG8Ivezah1u0rU"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如：“飞流直下三千尺，疑是银河落九天。”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK0QUas08wISU2tGbpVVvDn"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"先用习惯音高朗读一遍，然后逐渐降低音调朗读，读到不太能胜任的音高时又逐渐提高音调读，也是读到自己还能胜任的最高音为止。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwOg6i0MqQOuICmpqfHhpde"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、强弱练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQQiioy0EUaqyOklSXJKbXd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"远距离对话练习，练习时随时改变距离。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuiQGY4Uk4IIYAzM9UkTdte"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"甲：喂—，喂—，小芳—","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneqkgKOeCC0mm6b4CjsS8ld"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"乙：嗳—","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOyMoOw6OAm8ImUULp4SNxc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"甲：快—来—啊—","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSA2IsYkqKOoieq7SVTbdSh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"乙：怎么了—呀—","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqu4MgwMGgy0CEVo1A9f79d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"甲：一起去看—电—影—吧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngYmu4Mk84o0C0CB9ZFwJbd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"乙：好—啊！","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2MeUgyYUauCgOyqrlUl6Cd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"夸张声音练习法：注意加大运动幅度，用丹田气发声。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIomUmGio6wIKqmUQDFQ97c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"快板是最明显的例子，想象说快板的演员发声的状态，自己找一段快板试试，体会声音的弹性。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmC2IiSOCiUcS2nXeJ5PrFh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、练唱音阶法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmKY8cuoOKESEkBlcoZTsOb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"声音音高与声带张力成正比例。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnG2sMAymU64wgGWdPSlU55b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果想提高音高，就须加强声带张力。反之则减弱。所以，进行音高的变化练习能有效地发展和增强声带伸缩变化的控制能力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEWmo8emuMIEe2bdktNV68g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"其中最有效的练习办法是利用钢琴来练唱音阶，在自己力所能及的音域内半度半度地下降，半度半度地上升，进行反复练习。没有条件的则可借鉴京剧演员喊嗓子的练声法，做绕音练习，从基础音开始，逐渐地向高、低音两头扩展。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmOQsyiWC60EE6Xg4ykJNBd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":715,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"声音弹性训练方法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f99e97717b7d4b93bc9cc5b8d79a3c0c","width":1080},"text":"","id":"doxcnkGYGsUo4GUQUoRW8cYKD65"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"发音中的情声气","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4SOOOmCM4k20SOvXpqPzGe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"语言是传递信息和交流思想情感的工具，存在于人际交流的有声语言情感，语声和气息是一个系统中的几个方面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCaM0u6sG6gaqs5GUq5hdig"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"情:是指在播音过程中播音员服务于播，讲目的由具体稿件或者话题引发，并由有声语言表达出来，始终运动着情感情，情我们进行播音创作的依据。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0A888y04IoYsK8DFcP40gd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"声:声是播音员依据稿件或话题，使发声器官运用播音技巧所发出的表达思想情感包含大量信息，并通过电声设备进行传播，经过科学训练的规范化艺术化的有声语言。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUUUiACwUeqIiUvrXAR7B5g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"气：气指的是在播音过程中未时有声，语言传情达意，播音员所控制自如使用胸腹式联合呼吸法所获得的发生动力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni8eW8IGEayiwewaXOZUoah"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"情声气要求","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncwS0IKmEKquIy2TOxZk0Od"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、情感需要具备最丰富的并能随时调动起来的思想情感，一方面播音员节目主持人要不断的加强自己的修养，锻炼和培养自己的政治艺术素养，使自己具备宽广的胸怀、纯真的情操、美好的憧憬、深邃的境界、蓬勃的志趣、灵动的活力等等，另一方面调动起来的运动者的思想情感一定要服从于稿件或话题的界定，服务于播讲目的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsu2cQyyauUQ6SGzGtoQLpe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、对声音的要求是要能够充分的表达各类不同稿件所确定的不同层次，不同色彩的情感，能清晰明确的传递稿件所载有的所有信息，并具有各自声音形象特点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngKK8084WUUoiMJT8pHJINc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、播音发声对气息的要求是能符合播音员进行播音创作的要求，有一定力度呼吸控制自如完美的配合发声的气息。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAiimu8gkyYAme2chiPoybf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"总之，情感要取其高声音要取其中气息，要取其深以达到自整，腔圆清晰持久，刚柔自如声情并茂的境地。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwOIAkQc4eGkWW4SF8F7Huc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":356,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"情声气要求","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6a704f2ad3d0469f9e035f26e9d6ce3c","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnSgQMoCiEIoQaqqo1cnWoZf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"发声练习常见的问题及矫正方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaagU68e8AiCK6u7Crz4vrh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"虚声过多","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnc0cM4cWGGuMOADBF0eJjUb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主要表现：声音不实在，有些无力，没有足够的亮度和响度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQOQcqyqcM4KyWMvPSzyXig"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"矫正方法：虚声过多的学生，要注意锻炼唇舌的力度，练习一些响亮实在的词语和绕口令，如“百步穿杨”“中国伟大”等力度较大的词组，以及绕口令《八百标兵》《白庙和白猫》等。新闻播音当中，基本以实声为主，一般不出现虚声，而且换气声不要太大。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSCKmkMMkee0wiiBhMHxLab"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"声音过于靠后","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSsw004u6uQwyojuiGGJ4Ec"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主要表现：声音沉重，不明亮。发声过程中也容易疲劳和不适。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng226EEwgOOGyas1wPqwCLd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"矫正方法：注意“两头紧中间松”，口腔和小腹加强控制，喉部保持松弛。舌根要灵活，不要太生硬。注意与口腔共鸣的调节方法相结合。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqggIgeKqW4UiykRqr0PqGg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"鼻音偏重","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQqiEyGOSm2ms1oE5SqXfpe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主要表现：声音暗淡，不响亮，影响语言的清晰度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkIoMiWoUUyy0C81fLun4Ng"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"矫正方法：注意软腭挺起，牙关打开，减少过多的气流经过鼻腔。克服口腔、双唇的无力状态，保持积极的播音状态，不可过于懒散。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmq8ec6gkKW4yMLugGc51cv"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"声音分散","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnESOyiOK46g4EZGnfRWyfEd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主要表现：声音不集中，不饱满，冲击力不强。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0iAQOCUmmwGwH3Qsed2Jxh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"矫正方法：在发声的时候注意嘴唇中间三分之一部分用力，力量不可过于分散。注意气流冲击硬腭前端，也就是我们说的声挂硬腭，使声音更集中，更有冲击力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKq6U2SqqQ4AYW8oIwSEswf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"缺乏弹性","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngQccMwGseoGYoJMRLpi47b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主要表现：声音缺乏变化，没有抑扬顿挫的对比。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwquQaww06wAAQf4qtQARAd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"矫正方法：加强对比训练，包括高与低，快与慢的对比训练等。高与低的训练，可以练习声音的爬高与降低。比如“伟大的祖国，伟大的人民”这句话，可以先逐渐升高地说，然后再逐级下降地说，体会声音的高低变化，丰富声音的层次。快与慢的训练，可以用不同速度来说一句话。比如“班干部不管班干部”这句话，可以分别用快速和慢速来练习，体会快与慢的变化。声音弹性的获得还需要情感的支撑，加强情声气结合。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnccCUuI6OC0c6ymTj7tyCBc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":476,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"缺乏弹性","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f22e64303de543959ec58d632e19ba1e","width":1024},"text":"","id":"doxcnI8wkwsys2o2MWY3vts0YZc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"日常学习方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOmQM6KQIiiUkcNB3KgGQ9d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"朗读朗诵","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwYqeIs2iOIoMYVCWzx5zFb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"读书，大声读书。天天坚持朗读文章，既训练咬字敏捷清楚，又能掌握更多文学常识，更关键的是对播音大有益处，清喉扩胸，纳乾坤之气，成皓然之身。需要多读相关著作文章，每日坚持朗读三十分钟以上。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniIuYCAOGKcYiykgjdMFhAc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"录像练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0SWy6GQEOUGoqOGHd29Gbb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"倘若时间需要，每过一阵子，把声音和演讲内容进行视频拍摄，接着反复观看，探讨哪里存在问题导致卡壳，姿势和神情是否不自然，久而久之，口才以及心态表现都会有明显进步。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnG4a4woWigqE8IfQkXzFxfd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"速读","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK6coaei62akaaQDcTDuM9y"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"找来一则演说稿或一则其辞优美散文片段。先把原文中不明白的字、词弄明白，接着开始朗读。通常刚开始朗读速率比较慢，之后逐次逐次加快，直到你能够做到的最快速率。朗读过程中不可以有间断，读音要准确无误，咬字要清楚，要尽可能保证发音的完整。速读一定要建立在咬字清楚、读音干净整齐的前提上。大伙儿都有听过体育频道的解说员的解说，他们的解说就让人有快而不乱的感觉，每个字、每个音都发得十分清楚，没有含混不清的地方。播音希望做到的快也就是这种快，咬字清楚，而不是只为快而快。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8OUAMSQisMc2WIf4ycOvPh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"即兴读物","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni8oEEC4aUgQ8AjCNEKQz2g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"日常余暇时，随意拿张旧报纸，随机翻到一段话，接着一鼓作气读下来。在朗读过程中，尽量控制上半句看稿子，下半句离开稿子看前面(假设前面有听众)。长此以往能加强记忆力，提高理解和即兴构思能力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngc8MaY046QQyCI1wtyUWrC"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"转述法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyCIGqMSuGkIyc5WA1sTzWh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"转述法就是把他人说的话重新地讲述一次。需要找一位伙伴一同进行。第一步，请另一方随便讲一个话题，亦或是故事。自己需注意聆听。然后再向另一方转述一次。练习在于训练语言的衔接性、实地临场发挥能力以及语言表达组织能力。倘若能面对观众转述就更佳，还能够训练你的胆量，摆脱焦虑不安心理。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaeM8YOA8mckoMpIWRxd73g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"模仿","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncEA0yEIeWOSCsIUz73Rn6p"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"大多数人自小便会模仿父母或大人说话","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。实际上模仿的过程也是一种学习。儿时学讲话是向父母及身边人学习。那么，练习口才同样也可以利用模仿法，对有相关专场的人模仿，如电视主持。久而久之，口语表达能力也会有所提高。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOSUG6EmUkSueGmGh5BLR3c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"①模仿特定个人。生活上找一位语言表达能力强的人，请他讲些精彩说话，拍摄下来，供你进行模仿。也可以把你喜欢又适合模仿的主播、艺人、相声家等的表演记录下来进行模仿。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcna0MkuQ68GsoCobRZbxlXnf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":800,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"模仿","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2d740719019e41349497421a5a977604","width":1200},"text":"","id":"doxcnKwSoKS0gKqU6s3lY40tkUf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"嗓音的保护","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4gIi488YUiKWes0BiuU4bb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"科学练声","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqY08UwMYssgIa9hokXUzXK"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、练声过程必须按照：“以情带声、以声传情、以情运气、气随情动；以情用声、声随情变；声情并茂、传情达意”的要求来进行。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEUUUA0G6uOYQsfEPim187c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、在练习时，要注意发“暖声”，状态应该积极热情，面部呈“似微笑”状。同时还应该把握住练声的顺序，那就是—声音由小到大、由弱渐强、由低至高、由近及远、由实转虚、由短到长、由柔到刚。有些人在用声时喉部负担过重，有的胸口僵硬、气息沉不下来，还有的人声音过刚过直等等，这类要尽快改掉毛病，掌握科学的发声方法，通过大量练习完成量变到质变的过程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwMyoIu2aIIKGkvS6FRS1Jh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、避免超时超量超负荷运作，一般来说，晨练控制在20分钟至半小时为宜，主要目的是把嗓子练开、练舒服，切不可盲目加大嗓音运动量。在嗓音疲劳的时候，可以用气泡音来帮助消除疲劳。气泡音是弱气流冲击声带，声带在压力最自然的状态下发出的音，是一种很好的声带保健方法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncyW28ayIO0uEYf22aN9a6c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"它的具体做法是这样的，喉要放松，喉结处于适中的位置，气吸到五到七成，发出比较明亮的颗粒性比较强的气泡音。最好以“啊”音的延长音作为练习材料【a----------】【a----------】【a-------------】。如果一时发不好，可以反复做几次伸舌的动作，把舌头用力地向外伸，张大口，这样可以起到调节喉结紧张度的作用。在喉部松弛的情况下再来发音。气泡音在练声前发可以起到活动开声带的作用，在练声后发能起到保健按摩的作用。在练声前后常做此练习可以有效的提高发声的效率。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2iwcKiamcuaUuEcYidOqZg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"日常注意事项","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsMiQwAkemuwGIzslzBHIxb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、根据自身的嗓音条件，扬长避短、量力而行、循序渐进、持之以恒。一般来说，只要方法科学，练习得法，好嗓子是可以练出来的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSqk8sOOWCIwGeu7H94kU2e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、增强体育锻炼。发音器官健康与否，很大程度上取决于身体的健康状况。对于播音员主持人以及其他学习者来说，适当的增强耐力性的体育锻炼，例如跑步等等，能有效地提高我们呼吸肌肉群对于气息的控制力，从而大大提高发声的效率。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA8G6yOGkKkuU08Pf2H93ab"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、睡眠要充足，睡眠不足会引起声带充血、喉肌疲劳，致使声音黯淡嘶哑。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYKCcIUECQk64Yzt4TcZjNc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、养成良好的生活习惯、饮食习惯。要避免烟酒刺激，抽烟会使声带粘膜干燥、充血、肥厚，使喉下分泌物增多，从而引起声音变低、音色昏暗沙哑等等。饮酒除了辛辣对喉部的直接刺激以外，还会使大脑以及发声器官功能失调。进行嗓音工作前半小时最好不要吃油腻的食品，否则容易造成嗓子不清爽、发粘。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnceyYg8WImagEiQDpk7KVTd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、女生例假期间，不要高声练习，最好少用嗓，因为这期间往往伴随声带充血、水肿，如果高声练习，容易产生声带小结。这时可以做些无声练习，例如唇舌力量、口腔开合度以及气息训练等等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnucaUEWw0MEQ802GlHtrhBh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、剧烈运动后不宜喝冷饮。人在运动时，声带处于发热充血状态。这时如果喝冷饮，声带遇冷会不正常收缩，长此以往，容易引起声带的病变。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2QEeC2OYM4QY2bhv5sSWOe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"总之，好的嗓子是按照科学的方法，经过严格的训练得来的。使用与保护是同时进行的，切不可盲目使用而不去保护，长此以往，声音变坏，甚至患严重喉疾病，被迫离开播音主持岗位，就很可惜了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGScA8Wg2gmWigHkruj9avb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1066,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"日常注意事项","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/417a824210f5470a8eebea8a55b3cb68","width":1600},"text":"","id":"doxcn2kUw6eueQC68I24xcZ0G7W"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"心理素质的培养","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA8KKYaMaSW6wIHudLgGBGe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、播音主持人在紧张的压力下会出现一系列相应的系统变化，如声带绷紧导致声音变高、变窄、声音抖动，呼吸急促导致气浅气浮；身体姿势和动作会发生变化，协作变得不自然，笨拙甚至僵硬；思维也会变得混乱等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng2qQoMe4GGY6SswMx3sAkg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、良好的心理素质是播音主持人需要具备的职业素养之一。在播音前，首先要克服紧张的情绪。紧张的情绪很多时候是自信心不足造成的，要增强自信心就需要播音主持人对节目的全过程有总体的把握，同时对可能出现的问题要考虑周全，设定出应对措施。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuS8e8aK2eSwGGIdRu6wtod"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、在发声时，让声音准确、清晰、流畅，富于表现力和感染力的前提是优秀的心理素质。充足的自信心可以鼓舞士气，使身心处于亢奋状态，促使大脑的积极思考，反应敏捷。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnc626Ua0EIcgYO8qiZLYdth"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":426,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"心理素质的培养","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4d2b422bfd7445e59c8985a4a64fdb29","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnAAwA8AQ42KYyWgr34bOgJe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKiQMkeQOkWceyGi5XApjQg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习途径","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqua86icuA2s2kVfK6IDbmh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"大学","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkiuA4SCMoWGsI3tYmISnxg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在播音领域排名第一的是中国传媒大学，其次是浙江传媒大学，如果有志于学习播音的同学，可以以上面两所学校，作为自己的目标。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaEuik4wyqGaIKCZ3Vuzxzh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"校外的实体学校","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnC8GKYMEwk6GQiyGM5uIg0c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"因为播音方面的学习，不像英语班或者学生学习的补习班那样的普及，这方面的学校一个省也就那么几个吧，不是太多的，非常的稀少，而这方面的市场需求又很大，所以这一块学习的相关支出是非常大的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKioK2Ke8AeEiO6tTzZDmkf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"自学","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneiOm6MGICaYYmnoe3SkoXL"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"自学播音主持是可以的，但是比较难，需要找对方法并认真学习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK8AqcGqO8IQiuO8yV5upub"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":796,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"自学","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/20a9c7ad5a0e471999ca9fac7208ce62","width":1440},"text":"","id":"doxcnSWKe02wOM2sUAnSyAd0rAh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6A28aK44S2omATsGA3HFjd"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E

7. xyx什么意思网络用语

xyx是小游戏的缩写。

小游戏是一个较模糊的概念，它是相对于体积庞大的单机游戏及网络游戏而言的，泛指所有体积较小、玩法简单的游戏。

通常这类游戏以休闲益智类为主，有单机版有网页版，在网页上嵌入的多为FLASH格式。当下小游戏主要是指在线玩的flash版本游戏，统称小游戏，其实小游戏还包含单机游戏，小型游戏机等。一般游戏大小小于10m的游戏都统称为小游戏，一些街机类小游戏。

因其游戏安装简便，耐玩性强，无依赖性而广受白领及小朋友的喜爱。

8. 网络用语xy是什么意思

yx是“游戏”的缩写。

网络用语“yx”出自00后“黑话”，是00后自成一派的语言体系，其目的是为了阻止另一批人破译，从而进行的“精准社交”。00后社交“黑话”的造词方式包括汉字缩写，拼音缩写，粤语、英语、日语缩写，高难度的拼音和英文字母混搭缩写等，常见的有nss、xswl、pyq、cx、zqsg、走花路、糊了、基操勿6、连睡等等。

9. xyn网络用语是什么意思

XY染色体是一对同源染色体

染色体组的特点①一个染色体组内的染色体形态、大小、功能各不相同；②对同型性染色体生物而言,一个染色体组含有N条染色体,就意味着细胞内有N种形态的染色体；对异型性染色体生物而言,如果一个染色体组有N条染色体,就意味着细胞内有（N+1）种形态的染色体,如人的一个染色体组有23条染色体,男性体细胞内有24种形态的染色体.

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